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Take a look astatine the indispensable events, concepts, terms, quotes, oregon phenomena each time and brushwood up your knowledge. Here’s your cognition nugget for today.
(Relevance: International organizations and initiatives are an important portion of the UPSC CSE syllabus. Previously, UPSC has besides asked questions connected assorted groupings and initiatives.)
Recently, the Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty was officially launched astatine the G20 Leaders’ Summit successful Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). It aims to accelerate efforts to eradicate hunger and poorness portion promoting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
1. The Alliance, established implicit the people of a twelvemonth done extended dialogues, brings together developed nations, NGOs, and fiscal institutions to supply fiscal enactment and expertise to countries successful need. The extremity is to destruct each nations from the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) hunger representation by 2030.
2. It consists of 148 members. This includes 82 countries, the African Union, the European Union, 24 planetary organizations, 9 planetary fiscal institutions, and 31 philanthropic and non-governmental organizations.
3. Notably, the Alliance has been unfastened to rank adjacent for countries that are not portion of the G20 since July 2024. Brazil and Bangladesh were the archetypal to join, followed by each G20 members and respective countries and entities from each continents.
4. The Alliance volition service arsenic an autarkic level aimed astatine eradicating hunger and poorness by the twelvemonth 2030. It is fundamentally based connected 3 cardinal pillars:
(i) National – Coordination of circumstantial nationalist policies.
(ii) Knowledge – Integration of information and technologies for evidence-based solutions.
(iii) Financial – Large-scale assets mobilization.
5. Strategic commitments were announced astatine the G20 Summit past week, specified as: Reach 500 cardinal radical being portion of income organisation programs by 2030; Expand schoolhouse meals to 150 cardinal children successful countries with precocious kid hunger rates; Mobilize billions of dollars done multilateral banks for effectual anti-poverty programs.
6. The alliance’s method office volition beryllium astatine FAO, with functional autonomy. The Alliance besides plans to clasp regular Summits Against Hunger and Poverty and found a High-Level Champions Council to oversee its activities.
Global Hunger Index
1. The GHI is published by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe annually to measurement and way hunger astatine global, regional, and nationalist levels.
2. GHI is calculated based connected a look combining 4 indicators that seizure the multidimensional quality of hunger: undernourishment, kid stunting, kid wasting, and kid mortality.
3. India is ranked 105th among 127 countries successful the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2024, indicating a ‘serious’ level of hunger, on with Afghanistan and Pakistan, which besides look hunger challenges. Notably, India’s GHI people of 27.3 is simply a origin for concern, particularly erstwhile compared to its South Asian neighbours similar Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, which autumn into the “moderate” category
4. According to the GHI released connected 10th October 2024, the hunger levels successful 42 countries are astatine alarming levels, making the extremity of Zero Hunger by 2030 unattainable. At this gait of progress, the satellite volition not adjacent attain a debased hunger level until 2160. The world’s GHI people is 18.3, which is considered mean successful the severity of hunger scale.
5. Six countries – Somalia, Yemen, Chad, Madagascar, Burundi, and South Sudan- person levels of hunger considered alarming. This is the effect of wide quality misery, undernourishment, and malnutrition.
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
1. India, with 234 cardinal radical surviving successful poverty, is among the countries with the largest fig of utmost poor, according to the latest Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report. The study besides recovered that 1.1 cardinal retired of the 6.3 cardinal radical successful 112 countries unrecorded successful acute poorness worldwide.
2. The 2024 Multidimensional Poverty Index was published connected 17th October connected the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. It was archetypal launched successful 2010.
3. It aims to propulsion guardant the extremity of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)- 1— ending poorness successful each its forms everyplace —and measures interconnected deprivations crossed indicators related to SDGs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 11.
4. The Global MPI uses 10 indicators covering 3 main areas: (i) health, (ii) education, and (iii) modular of living. These 3 dimensions person one-third value each successful the last index.
BEYOND THE NUGGET: Group of Twenty
1. The G20, oregon the Group of Twenty, is an informal grouping of 19 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States) and the European Union and African Union.
2. Notably, the African Union, a grouping that represents 55 countries, was admitted arsenic a caller subordinate of the G20 successful June 2023.
3. These members correspond astir 85 per cent of the planetary GDP, implicit 75 per cent of planetary trade, and astir two-thirds of the satellite population. As a forum for planetary economical cooperation, it plays an important relation successful shaping and strengthening planetary architecture and governance connected each large planetary economical issues.
4. Unlike the United Nations (UN), G20 does not person a imperishable secretariat oregon staff. Rather, the G20 presidency rotates annually among the members and is liable for bringing unneurotic the G20 agenda, organising its workings and hosting summits.
5. The presidency is supported by the “troika” – previous, existent and incoming presidencies.
(Sources: Brazil launches planetary anti-hunger confederation earlier G20 summit, Knowledge Nugget: GHI, G20 Summit: Everything you request to know,Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, G20.org)
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