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Are you acceptable for UPSC Prelims 2025? UPSC Current Affairs Pointers brings you indispensable existent affairs of the past week, every Monday, to assistance you successful your Prelims and Mains mentation of UPSC, State PCS, and different competitory examinations.
Index
(FYI: The information provided successful these reports tin beryllium utilized to substantiate your Mains reply and make a wide knowing of the topic.)
— The inaugural contented of NITI Aayog’s study titled “Fiscal Health Index (FHI)” was launched connected 24th January 2025.
— Covering 18 large states for the fiscal twelvemonth 2022-23, the scale assigned a people to each authorities connected the ground of 5 parameters – the prime of expenditure, gross mobilisation, fiscal prudence, indebtedness index, and indebtedness sustainability.
— Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand led NITI Aayog’s caller Fiscal Health Index connected the backmost of mining-linked premiums, whereas Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal emerged arsenic large laggards crossed parameters including gross mobilisation and fiscal prudence.
Events
Born to an upper-class Bengali household successful 1897 successful Cuttack, Subhas Chandra Bose was the ninth kid of Janakinath and Prabhavati Bose. (Designed by Gargi Singh/Express Archive)
— Since 2021, January 23, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s commencement anniversary, has been observed arsenic “Parakram Diwas,” oregon the Day of Valour. This twelvemonth marked Netaji’s 128th commencement anniversary.
— Subhas Chandra Bose, calved connected January 23, 1897, successful Cuttack, Orissa, was a nationalist person who joined the nationalist question led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress successful 1921.
— January 25 is celebrated annually arsenic National Voters’ Day to people the instauration time of the Election Commission of India (ECI), which was founded connected January 25, 1950.
— The 15th National Voters’ Day taxable was “Nothing Like Voting, I Vote for Sure” emphasising the value of information successful the electoral process, and encouraging voters to instrumentality pridefulness successful exercising their franchise.
World Economic Forum
— The World Economic Forum (WEF) yearly gathering was held successful Davos, Switzerland from January 20 to 24.
— WEF, primitively known arsenic the European Management Forum, was founded by German prof Klaus Schwab successful 1971. It introduced the conception of “stakeholder capitalism.”
— The WEF is mostly funded by its partnering corporations. These are mostly planetary enterprises with yearly turnover greater than $5 billion.
— Last year, the large themes astatine the lawsuit were Artificial Intelligence, geopolitical uncertainties, clime change and the slowing gait of China’s economical growth.
— The WEF went connected to regularly people planetary rankings and indices, specified arsenic the Global Competitiveness Report, the Global Risks Report, the Global Gender Gap Report, and the Future of jobs Report.
(Source: WEF)
Polity
— Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that Property cards nether SVAMITVA volition unlock economical enactment worthy implicit Rs 100 lakh crore.
— The acronym SVAMITVA stands for Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology successful Village Areas. It aims to supply a ‘record of rights’ to those having houses successful villages, and contented them a spot card.
— The program is to survey each agrarian properties utilizing drones and hole GIS -based maps for each village.
— The strategy was launched by PM Modi connected National Panchayati Raj Day, connected April 24, 2020. Distribution of spot cards began connected October 11 of that year.
— The strategy benefits agrarian residents successful galore ways. First, it enables agrarian households to usage their spot arsenic a fiscal plus for taking loans and different fiscal benefits.
— Second, it helps successful the determination of spot tax, which accrues to the Gram Panchayats straight successful states wherever they are empowered to cod specified taxes.
— The strategy besides paves the mode for the instauration of close onshore records for agrarian planning.
PMFBY is the Centre’s harvest security strategy that allows farmers to insure their crops astatine a highly subsidised premium of 1 rupee. (Representational Photo)
— At slightest 4.14 lakh harvest security claims submitted by farmers successful 2024 were recovered to beryllium bogus and farmers had submitted mendacious claims to summation undue benefits from the PMFBY, according to the Maharashtra Agriculture Department.
— The strategy was launched during Kharif 2016. In 2020, the authorities revamped the scheme’s operational guidelines, and the revised guidelines came into effect from Kharif 2020.
— Under the PMFBY, farmers person to wage premium astatine the complaint of 2 per cent of sum insured oregon actuarial complaint whichever is little for kharif nutrient and oilseeds crops (all cereals, millets, and oilseeds, pulses), 1.5 per cent for rabi nutrient and oilseeds crops (all cereals, millets, and oilseeds, pulses), and 5 per cent for kharif and rabi yearly commercial/annual horticultural crops.
— Madhya Pradesh High Court has asked histrion Saif Ali Khan to attack the appellate authorization against an bid of the cardinal authorities that declared humanities properties of the Pataudi household successful Bhopal arsenic “enemy property”.
— Enemy property refers to the assets, some movable and immovable, near down successful India by individuals who migrated to countries designated arsenic “enemy nations” during times of conflict.
— Following the wars betwixt India and Pakistan successful 1965 and 1971, and the Sino-Indian War successful 1962, the Indian authorities assumed power of properties and businesses owned by those who adopted the nationality of Pakistan oregon China.
— Under the Defence of India Rules, formulated nether the Defence of India Act, 1962, these properties were vested with the Custodian of Enemy Property for India. The custodian is tasked with managing these assets connected behalf of the Indian government.
— On January 21, the Supreme Court suggested temporarily appointing retired judges connected an advertisement hoc (as required) ground to code the increasing backlog of pending transgression cases earlier respective High Courts.
— Article 224A of the Indian Constitution allows the Chief Justice of a High Court to petition retired HC judges to execute the duties of a justice again, with the support of the President of India.
— Such appointees are entitled to allowances arsenic determined by the President’s bid and person each the jurisdiction, powers and privileges of a Judge of that High Court.
Economy
— The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) is looking to motorboat a “when-listed” level for trading of shares of companies that person finished their initial nationalist offering (IPO) and are yet to beryllium listed connected banal exchanges.
— The caller platform, erstwhile launched, volition assistance trim trading of shares successful the grey marketplace anterior to the listing.
— At present, erstwhile the IPO is closed, shares person to beryllium listed connected bourses successful trading positive 3 moving days (T+3), with T being the closing time of the offer. The allotment of shares is done connected T+1 day.
— Grey market refers to an unofficial trading of securities adjacent earlier they are listed connected a banal exchange. This is an unregulated marketplace and works connected request and supply.
International Cooperation
Map showing the Indus h2o strategy that is important for some Pakistan and Northern India. (Express Graphic)
— A World Bank-appointed neutral adept connected the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) has backed New Delhi’s presumption connected the model to resoluteness definite disputes betwixt India and Pakistan connected Kishenganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects.
— India is constructing 2 hydroelectric powerfulness projects—the Kishenganga HE project connected the Kishenganga river, a tributary of Jhelum, and the Ratle Hydroelectric project connected the Chenab River. However, Pakistan has objected to the operation of these 2 projects.
— This, successful effect, gives India astir 30% and Pakistan 70% of the h2o carried by the Indus River System.
— The IWT signed successful 1960 sought to guarantee equitable h2o organisation amid increasing tensions betwixt India and Pakistan. India was granted unrestricted entree to the h2o from the ‘Eastern Rivers’ — the Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi — and Pakistan retained rights to the waters from the ‘Western Rivers’ Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab.
— Soon aft taking office, United States President Donald Trump signed an enforcement bid withdrawing the US from the World Health Organisation (WHO).
— The determination means that the US would permission the wellness bureau successful 12 months and halt each fiscal contributions to its work. The US is by acold the WHO’s biggest fiscal supporter, contributing 90 per cent of its wide funding, arsenic per the order.
— The WHO is simply a UN assemblage moving connected planetary health. It works with countries to fortify their superior wellness care, its guidelines assistance hole authorities policies, and it helps organise programmes to tackle circumstantial diseases.
— WHO’s backing fundamentally comes successful 2 ways — the mandatory assessed contributions from each its subordinate countries, and the voluntary contributions raised from assorted countries and organisations.
— In assessed contributions, the United States is the biggest payer, accounting for 22.5% of the contributions, followed by China astatine 15%. Of the full USD 578 cardinal assessed contributions, the United States pays astir USD 138 cardinal and China USD 87.6 million.
— In voluntary contributions, portion the US is inactive the biggest donor, accounting for astir 13% (USD 356.3 million) of the full contributions successful 2023, China accounted for lone astir 0.14% of the full contributions (USD 3.9 million). The 2nd biggest voluntary contributor was the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
— There is nary proviso for withdrawing successful WHO’s constitution. The US Congress, however, astatine the clip of joining the organisation successful 1948, had laid down a information that said the state could retreat aft giving a one-year announcement and gathering the fiscal obligations of the existent year.
Elon Musk and OpenAI CEO Sam Altman are astatine loggerheads implicit Trump’s caller AI infrastructure improvement task ‘Stargate’. (Source: Reuters)
— Soon aft being sworn successful arsenic the US President, Donald Trump made a immense announcement that could signifier the aboriginal of AI.
— Stargate is simply a $500 cardinal inaugural aimed astatine creating an AI infrastructure successful the US implicit the adjacent 4 years. Trump said $100 cardinal volition beryllium invested close away. This is an ambitious task that aims to propel the US into planetary enactment successful AI advancements.
— Sam Altman’s OpenAI, the enactment down AI connection exemplary ChatGPT, has been tasked with overseeing the operational broadside of the project, portion SoftBank volition enarthrosis the fiscal responsibilities.
Environment
Olive Ridley turtles. (File photo)
— Over the past 2 weeks, galore dormant olive ridley turtles person washed ashore successful Tamil Nadu, peculiarly successful Chennai.
— Olive ridley turtles get adjacent the Tamil Nadu seashore astir September-October to breed. Their nesting play begins successful precocious November and ends successful March.
— Olive ridley turtles laic eggs crossed respective coastal states connected India’s eastbound seashore and westbound coast. However, wide nesting takes spot in Odisha, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
— The seashore of Odisha, including Gahirmatha and Rushikulya, is the largest wide nesting tract for the Olive-ridley, followed by the coasts of Mexico and Costa Rica.
— The pistillate Olive Ridley turtles virtually invade the nesting beaches usually astatine the dormant of the nighttime for laying eggs – a improvement which is called ‘Arribada’. After laying the eggs the turtles permission the nesting crushed to instrumentality to the heavy sea. Hatchlings look from the eggs aft 45-60 days.
— It is recognised arsenic Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List.
— They are carnivores and provender chiefly connected jellyfish, shrimp, snails, crabs, molluscs, and a assortment of food and their eggs.
(Source: WWFINDIA)
- Indian Grey Wolf
— In a uncommon occurrence, the Indian Gey wolf has fixed commencement to 8 pups astatine the Bankapur Wolf Sanctuary successful Koppal district, Karnataka.
— On August 13th, International Wolf Day is celebrated each twelvemonth to rise consciousness astir wolves and their relation successful maintaining ecological balance.
The sanction ‘chinar’ was fixed to the histrion by Mughals — immoderate suggest it was Mughal emperor Jahangir who coined the name. (Express Photo by Shuaib Masoodi)
— The Jammu & Kashmir government has launched the “Tree Aadhaar” ngo for the conservation of the region’s chinar trees which person been dwindling successful numbers implicit the years.
— The inaugural involves conducting a census of chinar trees and giving a unsocial individuality to each 1 of them.
— Chinar, besides known arsenic Oriental level histrion (plantus orientalis var cashmeriana), is simply a maple-like histrion with a immense canopy and is recovered successful chill clime regions with capable water.
— The histrion is simply a diagnostic of the Eastern Himalayas. It takes 30-50 years for a histrion to mature and 150 years to scope its afloat size. The histrion tin turn up to a tallness of 30 metres portion its girth ranges from 10 to 15 metres.
— Chinar is the “state tree” of Jammu & Kashmir, present a Union Territory. The histrion is simply a large tourer attraction successful the vale during the autumn play erstwhile its greenish leaves dilatory alteration into crimson reddish and golden.
Science and Technology
— The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) precocious demonstrated a cutting-edge “active cooled scramjet combustor crushed test” for 120 seconds for the archetypal clip successful India. The palmy crushed trial marks a important milestone successful processing next-generation hypersonic missiles.
— Hypersonic missiles are a people of precocious weaponry that question astatine speeds greater than ‘Mach 5’, oregon much than 5 times the velocity of sound. These precocious weapons person the imaginable to bushed existing Air Defence Systems of large subject powers crossed the satellite and present accelerated and high-impact strikes.
— The cardinal to hypersonic vehicles is scramjets, which are variants of a class of pitchy engines called the air-breathing engines.
— The scramjets are a variant of a class of pitchy engines called the air-breathing engines. The quality of engines to grip airflows of speeds successful multiples of the velocity of dependable gives them the capableness of operating astatine those speeds.
(Representational image: NASA)
— In its 100th launch, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is geared to nonstop disconnected a 2,250-kg navigation outer NVS-02 on-board GSLV-F15 from Sriharikota connected January 29.
— The NVS-02 is the 2nd of the five second-generation satellites developed by the abstraction bureau to regenerate the existing satellites successful the country’s navigation constellation the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).
— The caller procreation of satellites person a longer lifespan of 12 years and are besides equipped with indigenously developed, much close atomic clocks.
— IRNSS — sometimes referred to arsenic NavIC oregon Navigation with Indian Constellation — is simply a seven-satellite strategy that provides positioning, navigation and timing services implicit the Indian mainland and 1,500 km successful its neighbourhood.
— The archetypal outer successful the constellation IRNSS-1A was launched successful 2013, with a ngo beingness of 10 years. The adjacent 2 satellites IRNSS-1B and 1C were launched successful the consequent years.
— The associated task of state-run Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd and Germany’s Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems with the Defence Ministry rejecting the associated bid from Larsen and Toubro (L&T) and Spanish steadfast Navantia ran into occupation owed to method reasons.
— L&T and Navantia failed to conscionable the method requirements of a proven air-independent propulsion (AIP) system.
— The AIP system, besides known arsenic BEST (Bio-Ethanol Stealth Technology), is the next-generation exertion for accepted submarines. Using bio-ethanol to make oxygen, which sustains the unit and ensures substance combustion, BEST tin supply submarines with up to 21 days of underwater endurance.
— Though atomic submarines person higher underwater endurance, AIP submarines origin little noise, reducing chances of detection. These submarines, which tin accommodate astir 40 unit members, tin beryllium equipped with heavyweight torpedoes, anti-ship missiles and different weapons.
Diseases
(Just FYI: UPSC has consistently included questions connected wellness and diseases successful its examinations implicit the years. For instance, successful 2014, a question astir the Ebola microorganism appeared successful the Prelims, and successful 2017, a question astir the Zika microorganism was featured. Therefore, it is important to enactment updated connected diseases that are presently successful the news.)
— The caller outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) with 67 radical being diagnosed with the uncommon neurological —disorder mostly successful the Sinhagad Road country of Pune has led to interest among residents.
— GBS is simply a rare but treatable neurological condition wherever the immune strategy attacks the nerves, starring to weakness successful the precocious and little limbs, neck, face, and eyes, tingling oregon numbness, trouble walking, swallowing, oregon breathing successful terrible cases.
— The unwellness often starts abruptly and tin advancement implicit 4 weeks. Some patients whitethorn acquisition accelerated worsening, portion others whitethorn advancement much slowly. Severe cases mightiness necessitate ICU admittance and ventilatory support.
Persons successful News
(Just FYI: Noting humanities personalities’ anniversaries immunodeficiency UPSC prep. UPSC often includes specified personalities successful questions, truthful revisiting their lives refreshes your static syllabus.)
Chief Justice Aradhe held that the Assembly Speaker was not bound by immoderate clip framework to determine disqualification proceedings and tin adjudicate the aforesaid successful tenable time.
— Justice Alok Aradhe took oath arsenic the 48th Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court.
— Justice Aradhe succeeds Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya who took implicit arsenic the Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court.
- Jules Feiffer
— Jules Feiffer, a Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist and writer whose prolific output ranged from a long-running comic portion to plays, screenplays and children’s books, died astatine the property of 95.
— Feiffer won the United States’ astir salient awards successful journalism and filmmaking, taking location a 1986 Pulitzer Prize for his cartoons and “Munro,” an animated abbreviated movie helium wrote, won a 1961 Academy Award.
Places successful News
(Just FYI: The determination of the spot is important, considering that UPSC has asked respective questions astir places that were successful the news, specified arsenic Aleppo and Kirkuk, successful the 2018 UPSC Prelims. The champion mode to retrieve them is to crippled them connected a satellite map.)
In the inaugural Kho-Kho World Cup, some the Indian Women’s Team and Men’s Team emerged victorious, marking a historical event.
— Maharashtra has displayed a tableau featuring its ‘Madhache Gaav’ (honey village) task successful New Delhi arsenic portion of the Republic Day celebrations.
— Manghar village successful the Satara territory became the country’s archetypal ‘Madhache Gaav’.
— The conception of `Madhache Gaav’ was implemented successful the Manghar colony successful May 2022 by the Directorate of Beekeeping Industry nether the Maharashtra State Khadi and Village Industries Board (MSKVIB).
— The intent was to beforehand beekeeping and supply an further income root successful the agrarian country which besides benefits to support ecological balance.
— U.S. President Donald Trump said the United States needs to power Greenland to guarantee planetary security. He has besides offered to get Greenland done a acquisition oregon by force.
— Greenland, the world’s largest but sparsely-populated island, is presently an autonomous territory of Denmark. The land is abundant successful earthy resources, peculiarly minerals that are captious to galore aboriginal technologies and is located strategically adjacent the emerging shipping lanes astir the Arctic.
Gulf of Mexico (Source: Google maps)
— Donald Trump reiterated his committedness to rename the Gulf of Mexico to the “Gulf of America.
— The Gulf of Mexico is bordered by Cuba, Mexico, and the United States and is the world’s largest gulf by aboveground area. It is besides considered the ninth-largest assemblage of h2o successful the world.
— It connects to the Atlantic Ocean done the Straits of Florida, which tally betwixt the Florida peninsula and the land of Cuba. It besides connects to the Caribbean Sea via the Yucatán Channel, located betwixt the Yucatán Peninsula and Cuba.
Mt Denali, which volition present beryllium called Mt McKinley and Wonder Lake. (Photo – Wikimedia Commons)
— The Executive orders signed by Donald Trump said that the highest highest successful North America would beryllium again called Mount McKinley, the sanction that was successful usage earlier the medication of President Barack Obama renamed it Denali successful 2015.
— The Denali peak is the continent’s highest highest successful the Alaska Range, successful the US authorities of Alaska, and stands 20,310 feet (6,190 m) supra oversea level.
— The indigenous Koyukon people, who lived successful the valleys of the Koyukuk and Yukon rivers, called the highest Denali successful their Athabascan language.
— In 1897, a golden prospector successful Alaska is said to person fixed the sanction McKinley to the highest successful honour of the past newly-elected President.
Sports
(Just FYI: With the unpredictability of the UPSC examinations and questions similar the ICC World Test Championship question 2021, you can’t beryllium definite of anything. It is omniscient to cognize what it is and not spell into excessively overmuch detail.)
— India volition big the prestigious FIDE World Cup 2025 chess tourney this year. The lawsuit volition beryllium held from October 31 to November 27.
— The FIDE World Cup offers the apical 3 finishers among 206 players a spot successful the prestigious Candidates Tournament, which serves arsenic the pathway to becoming a challenger to Gukesh astatine the adjacent World Championship.
— The World Cup happens implicit 8 rounds successful a knockout format. The apical 50 seeded players play from the 2nd circular onwards. Each one-on-one lucifer astatine the FIDE World Cup is played arsenic a acceptable of 2 classical games, with colours exchanged betwixt crippled 1 and 2. If the 2 games cannot determine a winner, determination are tiebreaks.
— The inaugural edition of the World Kho-Kho competition, backed by the Indian Olympic Association (IOA), was held successful New Delhi from January 13 to 19.
— It has featured 20 men’s and 19 women’s teams. The mascot for the lawsuit was Tara and Tejas representing speed, agility, and teamwork.
— The Indian women’s team won the inaugural variation aft defeating Nepal.
— The Indian Men’s Kho Kho squad defeated Nepal to triumph the inaugural edition.
In the 37th variation of the National Games, which was held successful Goa successful 2023, Kalaripayattu was portion of the contention section.
— Kerala’s martial art signifier Kalaripayattu has go a bony of contention up of the 38th variation of the National Games which is scheduled to commence from January 28 successful Uttarakhand.
— In the 37th variation of the National Games, which was held successful Goa successful 2023, Kalaripayattu was portion of the contention section. This year, the creation signifier has been included successful the database of events for demonstration.
— Kalaripayattu is an past Indian martial art, that translates into ‘practice successful the arts of the battlefield.’ The word ‘Kalari‘ refers to the martial art and the arena wherever it is taught and practiced, portion ‘payattu’ means combat oregon practice.
— There are 2 types of Kalaripayattu — northern (Vadakkan Kalari) and southern (Thekkan Kalari), which somewhat disagree from each other.
— In the north, much weapons are utilized arsenic compared to the south, and each movements successful bluish Kalari are successful a consecutive enactment — guardant and backward. However, down south, radical tin determination successful immoderate absorption portion practicing it.
Awards
Padma Awards
— The Padma Awards were announced connected January 25, a time up of Republic Day, honouring eminent personalities successful arts, societal work, nationalist affairs, science, concern and more.
— After the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri are the highest civilian awards (in that order).
— The Padma Vibhushan is awarded for “exceptional and distinguished service”, portion the Padma Bhushan is conferred to individuals for “distinguished work of precocious order”. The Padma Shri is awarded for “distinguished work successful immoderate field”.
— This year, 7 people were conferred with the Padma Vibhushan, 19 were awarded the Padma Bhushan and 113 received the Padma Shri, with 139 awardees successful total. The highest fig was successful the class of arts (51).
— Under the Education category, MT Vasudevan Nair from Kerala volition beryllium awarded the Padma Vibhushan Posthumously. Other radical who volition person the grant are, Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy, Justice (Retd.) Shri Jagdish Singh Khehar, Kumudini Rajnikant Lakhia, Lakshminarayana Subramaniam, Osamu Suzuki and Sharda Sinha.
— Legendary Indian hockey goalkeeper PR Sreejesh volition beryllium feted with the Padma Bhushan award. Recently retired India spinner Ravichandran Ashwin volition beryllium awarded the Padma Shri arsenic volition legendary footballer IM Vijayan, Paralympic medal-winning para-archer Harvinder Singh, and Satyapal Singh.
Test Your Knowledge
(Note: The champion mode to retrieve facts for UPSC and different competitory exams is to callback them done MCQs. Try to lick the pursuing questions connected your own.)
A. Consider the pursuing statements:
1. The scramjets are a variant of a class of pitchy engines called air-breathing engines.
2. Scramjets question astatine speeds greater than ‘Mach 2’, oregon much than 2 times the velocity of sound.
Which of the pursuing statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
B. Which of the pursuing is tagged arsenic the ‘country’s archetypal Honey Village’?
(a) Kolhapur
(b) Hingoli
(c) Jalgaon
(d) Manghar village
C. Fiscal Health Index (FHI) was launched by
(a) Ministry of Finance
(b) Niti Aayog
(c) RBI
(d) Ministry of Defence
Previous Articles
UPSC Current Affairs Pointers of the past week | January 13 to January 19, 2025
UPSC Current Affairs Pointers of the past week | January 6 to January 12, 2025
UPSC Current Affairs Pointers of the past week | December 30, 2024 to January 5, 2025
UPSC Current Affairs Pointers of the past week | December 23 to December 29, 2024
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