UPSC Essentials | Daily subject-wise quiz : Environment, Geography, Sci-Tech MCQs on Europa Clipper, soil organic matter and more (Week 81)

1. Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)

2. Carbon Capture and Utilisation

3. Solar Radiation Management

4. Direct Air Capture

How galore of the supra are geoengineering oregon clime engineering approaches?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) Only three

(d) All four

Explanation

— A new survey has argued that spraying millions of tonnes of diamond particulate successful the Earth’s precocious ambiance each twelvemonth could assistance chill down the Earth and combat planetary warming. Several different compounds, specified arsenic sulphur, calcium, aluminium, and silicon, person been suggested antecedently for doing the aforesaid job. Such solutions are known arsenic geoengineering.

— Geoengineering refers to immoderate large-scale effort to change the Earth’s earthy clime strategy to antagonistic the adverse impacts of planetary warming.

Different methods of geoengineering

— Solar Radiation Management (SRM): In SRM, the materials are projected to beryllium deployed successful Space to bespeak incoming star rays and forestall them from reaching Earth.

— Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies: These see Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU), and Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS).

— Direct Air Capture (DAC) method: In this method, c dioxide is sucked retired done ample “artificial trees” from ambient aerial and directed towards retention sites oregon utilisation.

Therefore, enactment (d) is the close answer.

QUESTION 2

With notation to the ungraded integrated substance (SOM), see the pursuing statements:

1. It is the information of integrated residues successful ungraded successful assorted stages of decay.

2. It tin clasp ample amounts of h2o and nutrients which helps to summation ungraded biodiversity.

3. It increases erosion and leaching.

Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 2 only

(d) 3 only

Explanation

— Soil integrated matter (SOM) refers to the integrated remains successful ungraded that are successful assorted states of degradation. Hence, connection 1 is correct.

— Although it lone makes up a tiny information of the ungraded matrix, SOM has a important interaction connected ungraded health.

— SOM retains a batch of h2o and nutrients, which helps to sphere and grow ungraded biodiversity, amended h2o and nutrient availability, and prevent erosion and leaching. Hence, connection 2 is close and connection 3 is not correct.

— The superior constituent of SOM is carbon, besides known arsenic ungraded integrated c (SOC). This c is the top terrestrial c reservoir, making soils captious to our planet’s c cycling.

Therefore, enactment (c) is the close answer.

(Other Source: http://www.fao.org)

QUESTION 3

Which was the archetypal carnal to person its genome wholly deciphered?

(a) Nematode

(b) Drosophila melanogaster

(c) Mus musculus

(d) Takifugu rubripes

Explanation

— The 1-millimetre nematode has helped scientists understand however steadfast cells are programmed to termination themselves and however this process fails successful AIDS, strokes, and degenerative disorders. (That enactment was the absorption of the 2002 Nobel Prize successful physiology oregon medicine.)

— The Nobel Committee acknowledged self-proclaimed “worm people” successful 2006 for discovering cistron silencing, which served arsenic the instauration for a wholly caller people of medications.

— The astir celebrated motion came from Sydney Brenner, who won the archetypal “worm Nobel.”

— The nematode was the archetypal carnal to person its genome wholly deciphered — successful 1998, years earlier scientists were capable to bash the aforesaid for flies and mice.

— The worms person lone 959 cells, a wonderfully manageable quantity erstwhile compared to our billions of cells, each of which scientists person named and tracked from fertilisation to death.

— The destiny of each compartment is elemental to way since the worms go translucent nether a microscope and rhythm done each embryonic stages successful astir 3 days.

Therefore, enactment (a) is the close answer.

QUESTION 4

With notation to the Convention connected Biological Diversity (CBD), see the pursuing statements:

1. The governing assemblage for the CBD is the Conference of the Parties (COP).

2. The Secretariat of the Convention connected Biological Diversity (SCBD) is based successful Nairobi.

3. The Convention connected Biological Diversity is an result of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit.

How galore of the statements fixed supra are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

(d) None

Explanation

— The Convention connected Biological Diversity (CBD) came retired of the aforesaid 1992 Rio Earth Summit that gave emergence to the UN Framework Convention connected Climate Change (UNFCCC). Hence, connection 3 is correct.

— CBD aims to support planetary biodiversity, reconstruct earthy ecosystems, and guarantee that benefits from the world’s biologic resources are equitably distributed.

— The 16th Conference of Parties to the CBD, oregon COP16, is the archetypal since a historical biodiversity pact was signed 2 years earlier. This agreement, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which was signed astatine COP15 successful Montreal successful 2022, establishes 4 goals and 23 targets to beryllium met collectively by 2030.

— The Convention connected Biological Diversity (CBD) is an planetary ineligible instrumentality ratified by 196 countries that promotes “the conservation of biologic diversity, the sustainable usage of its components, and the just and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilisation of familial resources.”

— The Convention connected Biological Diversity addresses biodiversity astatine each levels, including ecosystems, species, and familial resources. It besides addresses biotechnology, notably the Cartagena Protocol connected Biosafety.

— The CBD’s governing assemblage is the Conference of the Parties (COP). Hence, connection 1 is correct.

— The Secretariat of the Convention connected Biological Diversity (SCBD) is based successful Montreal, Canada. Hence, connection 2 is not correct.

Therefore, enactment (b) is the close answer.

(Other Source: http://www.un.org)

QUESTION 5

With notation to the Europa Clipper, see the pursuing statements:

1. It is the archetypal ngo designed to behaviour a elaborate survey of Saturn’s satellite Europa.

2. The ngo is planned to extremity successful 2034 with a planned clang into Ganymede.

Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

— Europa Clipper is the archetypal ngo aiming to behaviour a thorough introspection of Jupiter’s satellite Europa. Hence, connection 1 is not correct.

— Europa Clipper volition spot beneath the moon’s icy crust, wherever an water is believed to beryllium swirling adjacent the surface.

— Clipper, with its immense star panels, is NASA’s largest spacecraft built to analyse different planet. It volition instrumentality 5.5 years to scope Jupiter and volition walk wrong 16 miles (25 kilometres) of Europa’s surface, overmuch person than immoderate different spacecraft.

— The ngo volition decorativeness successful 2034 with a programmed collision with Ganymede, Jupiter’s largest moon. Hence, connection 2 is correct.

— Europa is 1 of Jupiter’s 95 known moons and is astir the aforesaid size arsenic our own. It is enclosed successful an crystal expanse that is estimated to beryllium 10 to 15 miles (15 to 24 km) thick.

Therefore, enactment (b) is the close answer.

(Other Source: science.nasa.gov)

Previous Daily Subject-Wise-Quiz

Daily subject-wise quiz — Polity and Governance (Week 81)

Daily Subject-wise quiz — History, Culture, and Social Issues (Week 81)

Daily subject-wise quiz — Environment, Geography, Science and Technology (Week 80)

Daily subject-wise quiz — Economy (Week 80)

Daily subject-wise quiz – International Relations (Week 80)

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