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Justice Sanjiv Khanna appointed adjacent CJI, volition participate bureau Nov 11
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Main Examination: General Studies II: Structure, enactment and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary
What’s the ongoing story: President Droupadi Murmu connected Thursday appointed Justice Sanjiv Khanna arsenic the 51st Chief Justice of India. Justice Khanna, who is apt to instrumentality oath connected November 11, volition win CJI D Y Chandrachud who is owed to discontinue connected November 10.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Who is Justice Sanjiv Khanna?
• How the Chief Justice of India is appointed?
• Who appoints the Chief Justice of India?
• A idiosyncratic to beryllium appointed arsenic a Chief Justice of India should person definite qualifications-what are those qualifications?
• The Constitution has prescribed a minimum property for assignment arsenic a Chief Justice of India-True oregon False?
• What is the strategy followed for recommending and appointing Chief Justice of India?
• The Constitution has made definite provisions to safeguard and guarantee the autarkic and impartial functioning of a Judges-Know successful detail
• Jurisdiction And Powers Of Chief Justice of India-Know successful detail
• Executive Vs Judiciary for assignment of judges successful higher judiciary-Know successful detail
• What is the relation of the authorities successful the decision-making process for the shortlisting of judges?
• Regulating Act of 1773 and the Supreme Court of India-Connect the dots
• What happened to the Supreme Court of India aft independency successful 1947?
• The Supreme Court of India and Constitutional Provisions-Know successful detail
• Articles 124 to 147 successful Part V of the Constitution says what?
Key Takeaways:
• “In workout of the powers conferred by clause (2) of Article 124 of the Constitution of India, the President is pleased to name Shri Justice Sanjiv Khanna, Judge of the Supreme Court, to beryllium the Chief Justice of India with effect from 11 November 2024,” the authorities notification said.
• Justice Khanna was elevated to the Supreme Court successful January 2019. Despite not having served arsenic Chief Justice of a High Court, helium was elevated implicit different elder judges successful the Delhi High Court.
• Justice Khanna has authored respective cardinal rulings. He was portion of the five-judge Constitution Bench that successful February this twelvemonth struck down the Electoral Bond Scheme arsenic unconstitutional, and successful 2023 was portion of the seat that upheld the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution. In 2023, Justice Khanna authored a cardinal Constitutional Bench ruling that held that the Supreme Court has the powerfulness to straight assistance divorcement nether Article 142 of the Constitution connected the grounds of “irretrievable breakdown of marriage”.
Do You Know:
• Apart from being an Indian citizen, the idiosyncratic indispensable (a) person been for astatine slightest 5 years a Judge of a High Court oregon of 2 oregon much specified Courts successful succession oregon (b) person been for astatine slightest 10 years an advocator of a High Court oregon of 2 oregon much specified Courts successful succession, oregon (c) be, successful the sentiment of the President, a distinguished jurist.
• The Chief Justice of India and the different judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President nether clause (2) of Article 124 of the Indian Constitution. It is mentioned successful Article 124 that assignment by the President is to beryllium done “after consultation” with judges of the Supreme Court, arsenic the President whitethorn “deem necessary”.
• Article 217, which deals with the assignment of High Court judges, says the President should consult the CJI, Governor, and Chief Justice of the High Court concerned. Further, the tenure of a CJI is until they attain the property of 65 years, portion High Court judges discontinue astatine 62 years.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍How is seniority decided successful the SC?
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
1. With notation to the Indian judiciary, see the pursuing statements: (UPSC CSE, GS1, 2020)
1. Any retired justice of the Supreme Court of India tin beryllium called backmost to beryllium and enactment arsenic a Supreme Court justice by the Chief Justice of India with the anterior support of the President of India.
2. A High Court successful India has the powerfulness to reappraisal its ain judgement arsenic the Supreme Court does.
Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. The powerfulness to summation the fig of judges successful the Supreme Court of India is vested successful (UPSC CSE, GS1, 2014)
a) the President of India
b) the Parliament
c) the Chief Justice of India
d) the Law Commission
3. Consider the pursuing statements: (UPSC CSE GS1, 2022)
1. Pursuant to the study of H.N. Sanyal Committee, the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 was passed.
2. The Constitution of India empowers the Supreme Court and the High Courts to punish for contempt of themselves.
3. The Constitution of India defines Civil Contempt and Criminal Contempt.
4. In India, the Parliament is vested with the powers to marque laws connected Contempt of Court.
Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2 and 4
c) 3 and 4 only
d) 3 only
4. Consider the pursuing statements: (UPSC CSE GS1, 2019)
1. The question to impeach a Judge of the Supreme Court of India cannot beryllium rejected by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha arsenic per the Judges (Inquiry) Act 1968.
2. The Constitution of India defines and gives details oregon what constitutes ‘incapacity and proved misbehaviour’ of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India.
3. The details of the process of impeachment of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India is fixed successful 4 the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.
4. If the question for the impeachment of a Judge is taken up for voting, the instrumentality requires the question to beryllium backed by each House of the Parliament and supported by a bulk of full rank of that House and by not little than two-thirds of full members of that House contiguous and voting.
Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2
b) 3 only
c) 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 3 and 4
5. Who/Which of the pursuing is the custodian of the Constitution of India? (UPSC CSE GS1, 2015)
a) The President of India
b) The Prime Minister of India
c) The Lok Sabha Secretariat
d) The Supreme Court of India
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:
📍Critically analyse the Supreme Court’s judgement connected ‘National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014’ with notation to assignment of judges of higher judiciary successful India. (UPSC CSE GS2, 2017)
As cyclone Dana roars in, implicit 6 lakhs evacuated, trains and flights halted
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
Mains Examination:
• General Studies I: Important Geophysical phenomena specified arsenic earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes successful captious geographical features and successful flora and fauna and the effects of specified changes.
• General Studies III: Disaster and catastrophe management
What’s the ongoing story: With astir six lakh radical evacuated from susceptible areas, much than 4,400 large women moved to hospitals, implicit 200 trains cancelled, and formation cognition astatine Bhubaneswar Airport suspended for implicit 12 hours, Odisha connected Thursday hunkered down up of cyclone Dana’s arrival.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Cyclone Dana-know successful detail
• What are Key features of cyclone dana?
• What India Meteorological Department (IMD) says astir cyclone dana?
• Odisha and Cyclone-connect the dots
• Why is Odisha prone to cyclone?
• How Odisha deals with cyclone?
• What are Odisha’s strategies for mitigating and managing cyclonic hazards?
• What you recognize by Pre cyclone watch, Cyclone alert, Cyclone informing and Post landfall scenario?
• What are the large catastrophe hazard simplification initiatives being taken by Odisha Government?
• What are the main priorities of the Sendai Framework?
• What tin the satellite larn from the Odisha government’s attack to dealing with Cyclones?
Key Takeaways:
• The cyclone is expected to marque landfall betwixt Bhitarkanika and Dhamara successful Odisha successful the aboriginal hours of Friday, with upwind speeds of 100-120 kmph.
• The cyclone is predicted to trigger dense to precise dense rainfall successful bluish and coastal parts of the state, with the India Meteorological Department (IMD) issuing a reddish alert for Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara, Cuttack, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Balasore, and Mayurbhanj districts. The IMD has besides predicted precocious tides during the landfall, which whitethorn origin largescale inundation. Damage to electrical and telecommunication lines, and the disruption of roadworthy transport are expected.
Do You Know:
• The authorities authorities has formulated a catastrophe absorption argumentation with a absorption connected full hazard absorption and vulnerability reduction, strengthening carnal infrastructure, intelligence arsenic good arsenic socio-economic presumption of radical to trim vulnerability. After ace cyclone successful 1999, Government of Odisha constituted Odisha State Disaster Management Authority(OSDMA) to person a systematic and planned attack to catastrophe mitigation and absorption successful the state.
• State Government person constituted 5 units of Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force(ODRAF) being procured with instrumentality for usage during catastrophe management.
• Government has implemented UNDP sponsored Disaster Risk Management Programme astatine multi-level and operation of Emergency Operation Centres oregon Control Room.
• A 4 signifier informing strategy for tropical cyclone is followed by IMD since 1999. After the weakening of the cyclone into a slump stage, a last connection connected De-warning is issued
—Pre cyclone watch- a peculiar bulletin is issued containing aboriginal accusation astir the improvement of cyclonic disturbances.
—Cyclone alert –It is issued astatine slightest 48 hours successful beforehand of the expected commencement of adverse upwind implicit the coastal area.
—Cyclone informing – it is issued astatine slightest 24 hours successful advance.
—Post landfall scenario-It is issued to screen the devastating interaction of the cyclone successful coastal areas.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Odisha’s turnaround successful catastrophe absorption has lessons for the world
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:
📍Discuss the caller measures initiated successful catastrophe absorption by the Government of India departing from the earlier reactive approach. (2020)
📍Vulnerability is an indispensable constituent for defining catastrophe impacts and its menace to people. How and successful what ways tin vulnerability to disasters beryllium characterized? Discuss antithetic types of vulnerability with notation to disasters. (2019)
Officer competency exemplary draws from PM’s Mann Ki Baat, speeches
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Mains Examination: General Studies II: Role of civilian services successful a democracy.
What’s the ongoing story: The Capacity Building Commission (CBC), constituted by the authorities 3 years ago, has developed the Karmayogi Competency Model for civilian servants, which is simply a model of behavioural and functional competencies designed to assistance their modulation from a karmachari (employee) to a karmayogi (dedicated worker).
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is Karmayogi Competency Model for civilian servants?
• ‘Mission Karmayogi’ oregon The National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB)-Know the purpose and objectives
• The Mission Karmayogi oregon National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB)-Know the rationality behind
• What are the important Features of the National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB)
• From a karmachari (employee) to a karmayogi ((dedicated worker)-Comment
• Mission Karmayogi oregon National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) is guided by 8 principles that are applied successful tandem crossed each of the programmes covered by it-What are they?
• What is iGOT Karmayogi?
• Mission Karmayogi oregon National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB)- What are the Key Programme Components?
• Mission Karmayogi oregon National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB)- Know the Institutional Structure successful detail
• Special Purpose Vehicle for National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB)-Know Structure & Function
Key Takeaways:
• Inspired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Mann Ki Baat programme and his nationalist speeches and statements, the exemplary aims to optimise deployment of officials to roles based connected their competencies, which are besides mapped to courses connected the Integrated Government Online Training (iGOT) portal.
• The exemplary consists of 34 competencies, of which 13 are categorised arsenic ‘behavioural’ and are further divided betwixt ‘core’ and ‘leadership’ competencies. These see self-awareness, idiosyncratic effectiveness, creativity and innovation, and strategical leadership.
• The remaining 21 competencies are categorised arsenic ‘functional’, which see national centricity, argumentation architecture, integer fluency, fiscal absorption and information analytics.
With the relation of governance evolving and achromatic swan events increasing, the exemplary has been designed to guarantee accountability among civilian servants and to heighten performance, citizen-centric and tech-enabled governance, and aboriginal readiness.
Do You Know:
• According to the CBC, it is responding to the Prime Minister’s telephone to physique a bureaucracy successful which the mindset transitions from feeling and acting similar a karmachari oregon a nationalist servant to behaving similar a karmayogi wherever work is done without immoderate anticipation successful return.
• The Karmayogi Competency Model was developed done superior and secondary research, extended stakeholder engagement, “including representatives from the nationalist and backstage sectors, academia, and experts successful Indian Knowledge Systems”, and a process of planetary benchmarking against competency models developed by Australia, Singapore, and South Korea.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
GOVT & POLITICS
Cabinet clears `1K-cr money to enactment abstraction start-ups implicit 5 years
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Mains Examination:
• General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation.
• General Studies III: Awareness successful the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intelligence spot rights.
What’s the ongoing story: The Union Cabinet connected Thursday approved mounting up of a Rs 1,000-crore task superior money to enactment 30 to 35 abstraction start-ups implicit a play of 5 years, which, the authorities hopes, volition pull backstage funding.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What bash abstraction start-ups do?
• How galore abstraction start-ups are determination successful India?
• The backstage assemblage into the abstraction programme-Why?
• ‘Privatisation unsocial is not enough. It needs to beryllium complemented with planetary cooperation’-Why?
• What are the large developments successful the abstraction assemblage successful India?
• What are the cardinal features of Indian Space Policy 2023?
• Is abstraction governed by planetary law?
Key Takeaways:
• Start-ups volition person betwixt Rs 10 to Rs 60 crore enactment from the money based connected its signifier of development, maturation trajectory, and its imaginable interaction connected nationalist abstraction capabilities.
• The measurement is successful enactment with the government’s imaginativeness of India capturing a bigger chunk of the planetary abstraction market. The Indian abstraction assemblage is presently valued astatine USD 8.4 cardinal and is expected to turn to USD 44 cardinal with the government’s support. There are already 250 abstraction start-ups successful the state since the abstraction assemblage was liberalised successful 2020.
• This determination — which was announced successful this year’s budget — volition besides make thousands of nonstop and indirect jobs, make caller manufacturing capableness and proviso chains, and make trained abstraction professionals. The money is expected to thrust innovation successful outer technology, motorboat conveyance technology, arsenic good arsenic abstraction applications. It volition besides beforehand abstraction reforms.
• Around Rs 150 crore from the money is apt to beryllium deployed successful its archetypal twelvemonth (2025-26), `250 crore for adjacent 3 years, and `100 crore successful its past twelvemonth of operation, according to a authorities statement. The money volition beryllium managed by nonrecreational managers and travel the structures of an alternate concern money arsenic per SEBI.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Explained: Public-private concern breaches abstraction frontier
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:
📍Discuss India’s achievements successful the tract of Space Science and Technology. How the exertion of this exertion has helped India successful its socio-economic development? (UPSC GS3, 2016)
THE EDITORIAL PAGE
Not different BRICS successful the wall
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Mains Examination: General Studies II: Bilateral, determination and planetary groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
What’s the ongoing story: Sanjay Bhattacharyya Writes: The Kazan Declaration and enactment interactions marked the occurrence of the 16th BRICS Summit hosted by Russia connected the taxable of “strengthening multilateralism for conscionable planetary improvement and security”.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Kazan Summit-Know the cardinal highlights
• Know astir BRICS
• BRICS and Goldman Sachs-connect the dots
• “Economic slowdown successful the West, the wide interaction of Covid and the outbreak of struggle successful Europe, West Asia and South China Sea accentuated the disagreement betwixt the West and Russia-China”-how this affected BRICS?
• “BRICS is anti-West”-Analyse
• “G7 was seen arsenic representing the West, BRICS representing the Global South and G20 had elements of both”-Comment
Key Takeaways:
• The thrust of the BRICS agenda, since aboriginal days, was economical improvement done intra-BRICS practice arsenic good arsenic collaboration with multilateral improvement banks. It expanded to assorted sectors of the economy, explored projects for practice and negotiated enactment plans. BRICS countries experienced accelerated economical maturation with tangible benefits to citizens. In fact, BRICS overtook G7 successful presumption of GDP, economical maturation rate, entree to captious materials and population.
• BRICS members created caller instruments and institutions erstwhile the planetary strategy did not respond adequately to their aspirations. The caller instruments, including the Contingency Reserve Arrangement oregon the New Development Bank, were not alternatives to MDBs, but alternatively to supplement their efforts.
• At Kazan, determination was precedence connected intra BRICS engagement successful antithetic economical fields. The enlargement of rank gave the radical greater heft. Besides, BRICS could prosecute different members of the Global South.
• There were suggestions for a BRICS currency oregon a integer currency, but they were premature and would necessitate deeper integration of the divers economical situations and organization frameworks.
Do You Know:
• As a 21st period grouping, BRICS showed the ambition and innovation expected of a Gen Z institution. It developed a wide improvement docket and sought betterment of planetary governance with absorption connected delivery. It incorporated South Africa successful 2010, doubled rank successful 2024 and acceptable up a caller tier of spouse countries astatine Kazan.
• BRICS does not person a secretariat, it depends connected the information of members and the presidency. A cornerstone of the group’s determination making has been its consensus-based attack towards agenda, program of enactment and membership.
• As a founding subordinate of BRICS, the fifth-largest system and the fastest increasing large economy, India plays a unsocial relation wrong it. It has not lone shaped its docket and priorities but has been instrumental successful being the span betwixt Global South, BRICS, G7 Outreach and G20.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍PM Modi attends BRICS Summit successful Russia: What is the group, its value for India
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Mains Examination: General Studies II: Welfare schemes for susceptible sections of the colonisation by the Centre and States and the show of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the extortion and betterment of these susceptible sections.
What’s the ongoing story: Milind Murugkar Writes: India’s workplace assemblage is successful request of accrued concern successful R&D. It needs to summation harvest productivity, make varieties that tin withstand clime change, and guarantee nutrient security. This is the statement successful a caller nonfiction successful this paper (‘The occupation with escaped food’, IE, October 14).
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is National Food Security Act (NFSA)?
• “India’s workplace assemblage is successful request of accrued concern successful R&D”-Comment
• “Food subsidies represent a large portion of subsidies to farmers successful the signifier of terms enactment on with input subsidies and overmuch of it is wasteful”-Comment
• Is nutrient subsidy expenditure is wasteful?
• Do truthful galore radical request nutrient subsidies?
• What is “Right to Food”?
• “Right to Food” and “distributing escaped food”-why they are other to each other?
Do You Know:
• October 16 is observed arsenic World Food Day each twelvemonth by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). It is simply a reminder of the committedness made astatine the highest level to guarantee nutrient and nutritional security.
• The satellite has made tremendous advancement successful expanding nutrient accumulation by large-scale adoption of amended seeds, much irrigation, and higher doses of fertilisers and pesticides. Farm machinery has go much efficient. All this could not person been done without expanding incentives to farmers — input subsidies, higher prices for their produce, oregon a premix of immoderate of the two.
• Globally, arsenic per the State of Food Security and Nutrition successful the World (SOFI report) of FAO, astir 2.33 cardinal radical inactive look mean to terrible nutrient insecurity. This a situation to those committed to providing nutrient and nutrition information to all.
• This year’s taxable of FAO’s World Food Day is “Right to Foods for a Better Life and a Better Future”. The “Right to Food” attack of the FAO encouraged the UPA authorities led by Manmohan Singh to walk the National Food Security Act (NFSA) successful 2013.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍The occupation with escaped food
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
6. With notation to the provisions made nether the National Food Security Act, 2013, see the pursuing statements:
1. The families coming nether the class of ‘below poorness enactment (BPL)’ lone are eligible to
receive subsidised nutrient grains.
2. The eldest pistillate successful a household, of property 18 years oregon above, shall beryllium the caput of the
household for the intent of issuance of a ration card.
3. Pregnant women and lactating mothers are entitled to a ‘take-home ration’ of 1600
calories per time during gestation and for six months thereafter.
Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 only
c) 1 and 3
d) 3 only
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:
📍WTO is an important planetary instauration wherever decisions taken impact countries successful a profound manner. What is the mandate of WTO and however binding are their decisions? Critically analyse India’s basal connected the latest circular of talks connected Food information (2014)
THE IDEAS PAGE
To antagonistic declining fertility rate, Andhra Pradesh CM Chandrababu Naidu has suggested
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development – Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc
Mains Examination: General Studies II: Issues relating to improvement and absorption of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
What’s the ongoing story: Sribharat Mathukumilli writes: Although the economist Thomas Malthus did not constitute specifically astir India, his mentation regarding the necessity of colonisation power has shaped the sermon connected the Indian population. Recently, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Chandrababu Naidu, emphasised the urgent request to displacement this sermon from “population control” to “population management”.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is Thomas Malthus mentation regarding the population?
• The North-South disagreement successful India’s aging population-know successful detail
• What are the implications of declining fertility rates?
• How does the accelerated diminution successful TFR — particularly successful confederate states— poses important risks?
• How the upcoming delimitation successful 2026 poses challenges for states that person successfully controlled their colonisation growth?
• How colonisation figures play a important relation successful taxation devolution betwixt cardinal and authorities governments?
• ‘The perils of an ageing nine are evident successful countries similar Japan’-Comment
Key Takeaways:
• The satellite is greying faster than ever. David Bloom, penning for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) successful 2020, observed, “greying” is the ascendant inclination successful the 21st century.
• The UNFPA precocious released the India Aging Report, 2023. It declares that “globally, determination are 1.1 cardinal persons aged 60 years and supra successful 2022, comprising 13.9 per cent of the full colonisation of 7.9 billion. Over the adjacent 3 decades, the fig of older persons worldwide is expected to treble to 2.1 cardinal by 2050, with the stock rising to 22 per cent of the full population.
• The UNFPA sets retired the situation of declining fertility rates that developed and processing countries volition acquisition astatine antithetic points successful time. And it situates India wrong this context. The study points retired that processing countries are presently witnessing a important driblet successful fertility levels acold sooner successful their improvement travel than developed countries did.
Do You Know:
• According to a survey published successful The Lancet, the colonisation of Japan could diminish astatine slightest by fractional by the twelvemonth 2100. The decreasing fig of young radical successful the labour unit has led to a shortage of workers successful manufacturing sectors, starring to diminution successful accumulation and innovation arsenic good arsenic reduced planetary exports.
• An IMF unit insubstantial from November 2018 estimated that Japan’s economical maturation would diminution by an mean of 0.8 per cent each twelvemonth implicit the adjacent 40 years owed solely to demographic factors. Additional issues see budgetary constraints, decreased savings and concern rates, pension burdens connected companies, and accrued healthcare spending — peculiarly successful tertiary attraction facilities. Similarly, China’s ageing colonisation poses risks reminiscent of Japan’s mislaid decade. Recognising the dangers associated with declining commencement rates, China has revoked its one-child argumentation successful favour of a three-child policy.
• In a 2019 report, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) noted that by 2027 India volition person the highest colonisation increase, overtaking China arsenic the world’s astir populous country. India did, successful fact, overtake China arsenic the astir populous state this year.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍legislation to promote radical to person much children. Is it a viable idea?
When Parliament isn’t successful session
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance
Mains Examination: General Studies II: Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, behaviour of business, powers & privileges and issues arising retired of these
What’s the ongoing story: Derek O’Brien Writes: 135 down to 55! The mean fig of days Parliament sits annually has gone down from 135 days successful the archetypal Lok Sabha to 55 days successful the 17th Lok Sabha (2019-24). So what happens during the remaining 300 days? Standing Committees, which see and study connected Demand for Grants, Bills, yearly reports, and sermon nationalist basal semipermanent argumentation documents of the acrophobic department/ministries, are wherever astir of the enactment takes spot erstwhile Parliament is not successful session.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What are the Standing Committees of Parliament?
• What are Committees of Parliament, and what bash they do?
• How are the Committees constituted, and however are their chairpersons chosen?
• How important are the recommendations of the Committees?
• How bash discussions/ debates successful the Parliamentary Committees disagree from those successful Parliament?
Key Takeaways:
• The writer of the nonfiction thinks it is clip for an overhaul. Here are 5 circumstantial suggestions.
—According to the rules, the authorities is required to respond to committee recommendations wrong six months. This should beryllium brought down to 60 days, arsenic practised successful the British House of Commons.
—MPs service successful committees for conscionable a year, starring to changeless reshuffling and deficiency of expertise. Take a cue from the US Congress’ imperishable Standing Committees oregon Kerala’s Legislative Assembly, with a 30-month tenure. A longer tenure volition enactment better.
—A Parliamentary Committee connected National Economy should beryllium formed to annually analyse the authorities of the economy. Short-duration discussions should beryllium initiated successful some Houses of Parliament to sermon the reports. This should beryllium followed by a effect from the Minister. Public borrowing, arsenic it affects aboriginal governments, should besides beryllium reviewed by this committee.
—In a national democracy, the work of the Parliament portion passing Constitution Amendment Bills is immense. Therefore, a Constitution Committee should beryllium established for anterior scrutiny to cheque if these are ultra vires to the Constitution, and fortify the credibility of law amendments.
—Pre-budget scrutiny and due introspection of Demand for Grants (DFGs) indispensable not beryllium sidelined due to the fact that of elections. Following the constitution of Lok Sabhas successful 2014, 2019, and 2024, DFGs were not sent to Standing Committees. The precedent acceptable successful the 11th Lok Sabha (1996) should beryllium followed. The Union Budget was presented connected July 22. The House adjourned connected August 2 and was reconvened connected August 26, for committees to reappraisal the Demand for Grants.
Do You Know:
• A Parliamentary Committee is simply a sheet of MPs that is appointed oregon elected by the House oregon nominated by the Speaker, and which works nether the absorption of the Speaker. It presents its study to the House oregon to the Speaker.
• Parliamentary Committees person their origins successful the British Parliament. They gully their authorization from Article 105, which deals with the privileges of MPs, and Article 118, which gives Parliament authorization to marque rules to modulate its process and behaviour of business.
• Broadly, Parliamentary Committees tin beryllium classified into Financial Committees, Departmentally Related Standing Committees, Other Parliamentary Standing Committees, and Ad hoc Committees. The Financial Committees see the Estimates Committee, Public Accounts Committee, and the Committee connected Public Undertakings. These committees were constituted successful 1950.
• Seventeen Departmentally Related Standing Committees came into being successful 1993, erstwhile Shivraj Patil was Speaker of Lok Sabha, to analyse budgetary proposals and important authorities policies. The purpose was to summation Parliamentary scrutiny, and to springiness members much clip and a wider relation successful examining important legislation. The fig of Committees was subsequently accrued to 24. Each of these Committees has 31 members — 21 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha.
• Ad hoc Committees are appointed for a circumstantial purpose. They cease to beryllium aft they person completed the task assigned to them, and person submitted a study to the House. The main Ad hoc Committees are the Select and Joint Committees connected Bills. Committees similar the Railway Convention Committee, Committee connected Food Management and Security successful Parliament House Complex, etc. besides travel nether the class of Ad hoc Committees.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍India’s Parliamentary Committee System: Unveiling its origin, value and challenges
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
7. Consider the pursuing statements: The Parliamentary Committee connected Public Accounts (2013)
1. consists of not much than 25 Members of the Lok Sabha
2. scrutinizes appropriation concern accounts of Government
3. of the Auditor examines the study Comptroller and General of India
Which of the statements fixed supra is / are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(e) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
8. With notation to the Parliament of India, which of the pursuing Parliamentary
Committees scruitinizes and reports to the House whether the powers to make
regulations, rules, sub-rules, by-laws, etc. conferred by the Constitution oregon delegated by
the Parliament are being decently exercised by the Executive wrong the scope of such
delegation?
a) Committee connected Government Assurances
b) Committee connected Subordinate Legislation
c) Rules Committee
d) Business Advisory Committee
EXPRESS NETWORK
1.5 degrees Celsius people volition beryllium ‘gone’ successful a fewer years: UN report
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: General issues connected Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change
Mains Examination: General Studies III: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment.
What’s the ongoing story: Greenhouse state emissions of China and India, 2 of the apical 3 emitters, grew by 5.2 per cent and 6.1 per cent respectively successful the twelvemonth 2023, a caller UN study revealed connected Thursday.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is the Emissions Gap Report?
• What are the Key Highlights of the Report?
• What are the recommendations fixed by Emissions Gap report?
• What is the United Nations Environment Programme?
Key Takeaways:
• The Emissions Gap Report, an yearly work of the UN Environment Programme, warned that the Paris Agreement nonsubjective of keeping planetary emergence successful temperatures to wrong 1.5 grade Celsius would beryllium “gone wrong a fewer years” and adjacent the 2 grade Celsius threshold would beryllium successful information of being breached, unless countries dramatically standard up their clime actions to trim planetary emissions successful 2 years.
• The report, which is released conscionable up of clime alteration league each year, said existent clime actions, adjacent successful the astir optimistic scenario, could trim planetary greenhouse state emissions by lone 10 per cent by 2030 connected 2019 levels, erstwhile the bare minimum required to support the 1.5 grade people successful show was 42 per cent reduction. The reductions indispensable summation to 57 per cent by 2035.
• The study called for a monolithic summation successful concern successful emissions reductions. It said the emissions spread for 2030 and 2035 could inactive beryllium bridged astatine the outgo of US$ 200 per ton of CO2 equivalent. At this cost, astir 31 cardinal tonnes of CO2 equivalent could perchance beryllium reduced from yearly emissions by 2030, much than the astir 28 cardinal CO2 equivalent that is required for 1.5 grade goal.
Do You Know:
• According to the UNEP website, the Emissions Gap Reports are yearly science-based assessments of the spread betwixt countries’ pledges connected greenhouse state emissions reductions and the reductions required to present a planetary somesthesia summation of beneath 2°C by the extremity of this century.
• Each twelvemonth the reports besides diagnostic appraisal of cardinal opportunities for bridging the gap. The reports person gained wide estimation arsenic a scientifically authoritative root of timely and argumentation applicable accusation to cardinal decision-makers, informing the UNFCCC process, and – looking guardant – the implementation of the Paris Agreement.
UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre (UNEP CCC) has managed the accumulation of UNEP’s flagship study connected clime alteration – the Emissions Gap Report – since 2011.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍World acceptable to get warmer by astir 3°C by extremity of century, UN study warns earlier COP28
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
9. The ‘Common Carbon Metric’, supported by UNEP, has been developed for
(a) assessing the c footprint of gathering operations astir the world
(b) enabling commercialized fanning entities astir the satellite to participate c emanation trading
(c) enabling governments to measure the wide c footprint caused by their countries
(d) assessing the wide c foot-print caused by the usage of fossil fuels by the satellite successful a portion time
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: General issues connected Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that bash not necessitate taxable specialization.
Main Examination: General Studies III: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment
What’s the ongoing story: The commencement of a large Indian bustard done artificial insemination astatine the Sudasari Great Indian Bustard Breeding Centre successful Rajasthan’s Jaisalmer territory is an “extremely important step” successful the conservation of the critically endangered species, authorities said.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is the Great Indian Bustard?
• Great Indian Bustards and their habitats-Mark connected Map
• Why is the Great Indian Bustard endangered?
• Why is the Great Indian Bustard is connected the brink of extinction?
• Great Indian Bustard-Know the Conservation efforts
Key Takeaways:
• It is the commencement of a large Indian bustard done artificial insemination. “This is an highly important measurement successful the conservation of the GIB, which is an endangered species,” said Pavan Kumar, Chief Wildlife Warden of Rajasthan. He said a akin inaugural had been started successful Abu Dhabi, wherever a task by the International Fund for Houbara Conservation has been utilizing artificial insemination to hatch the houbara bustard.
• Wildlife biologist Sumit Dookia, from the University School of Environment Management astatine Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, said, “This is portion of a captive breeding task that has been going connected since 2019. While this is simply a affirmative measurement successful the close direction, it volition instrumentality astatine slightest 25 years to beryllium capable to make capable birds (in this manner) to let for earthy summation of their colonisation aft they are released successful the wild.”
Do You Know:
• According to the government, determination are less than 150 GIB – birds that are recovered lone successful India. Most of these are recovered successful Rajasthan.
• Increased quality enactment successful their habitat, predators preying connected their eggs, and deaths owed to overhead powerfulness lines are seen arsenic being among the causes of the bird’s colonisation decline.
• In 2020, a survey carried retired by WII successful the 4,200-sq-km of the large Indian bustard (GIB) situation successful and astir Desert National Park successful Rajasthan estimated that powerfulness lines had killed astir 84,000 birds of aggregate taxon each year. This included the endangered GIB, which are peculiarly susceptible due to the fact that of their constrictive frontal imaginativeness and ample size.
• In April 2021, the Supreme Court had ordered that each powerfulness lines successful the GIB situation beryllium buried underground. However, earlier this year, the apex tribunal said it would reappraisal its 2021 bid aft the cardinal authorities recovered that it would beryllium “practically intolerable to implement” implicit agelong distances.
• As portion of conservation efforts, the Centre, the Rajasthan authorities and WII person been collaborating connected a captive breeding programme
for GIB. The artificial insemination method was successfully implemented arsenic a portion of this project. The program is to yet merchandise the captively bred birds into the wild.
• According to wildlife experts, portion the commencement of the GIB chick by artificial insemination is an important measurement successful conservation efforts, it is excessively aboriginal to speculate connected the grade of the interaction this could have.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Explained: Critically endangered Great Indian Bustards’ betterment program, and what lies ahead
EXPLAINED
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
Mains Examination: General Studies I: Important Geophysical phenomena specified arsenic earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes successful captious geographical features and successful flora and fauna and the effects of specified changes.
What’s the ongoing story: Heavy rainfall lashed parts of West Bengal and Odisha contiguous (October 24) arsenic the states braced for the interaction of cyclone Dana aboriginal successful the night. After having intensified into a terrible cyclonic storm, with upwind speeds betwixt 88 to 117 km, cyclone Dana is acceptable to marque landfall.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is landfall of a cyclone?
• What is Cyclone?
• How are Cyclones named?
• Classification of cyclonic disturbances-how they are classified?
• Cyclone, Tornado, Hurricane and Typhoon-How they are antithetic from each other?
• What is the mean lifespan of a cyclonic storm?
• Why bash ‘tropical cyclones’ winds rotate counter-clockwise (clockwise) successful the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere?
• What does “maximum sustained wind” mean? How does it subordinate to gusts successful tropical cyclones?
• How are debased unit strategy classified successful India? What are the differences betwixt low, slump and cyclone?
• Are each cyclonic storms arsenic dangerous?
• Storm Intensity, Expected Damage and Suggested Actions-Know successful detail
• Deep Depression (DD), Cyclonic Storm (CS), Severe Cyclonic Storm (SCS), Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS), Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm (ESCS) and Super Cyclone (SuCS)-how they are different?
• India’s Vulnerability to Cyclones-Know successful Detail
• Why October is period of cyclone for India’s eastbound coast?
• The IMD issues warnings successful 4 stages for the Indian coast-What are they?
• World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)-About, Role, Vision and Mission
• India Meteorological Department (IMD)-About, Role, Vision and Mission
Key Takeaways:
• Cyclone Dana, expected to make upwind speeds of 100-110 kmph and gusts astatine 120 kmph, is simply a tropical cyclone. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) classifies cyclones broadly into 2 categories: extratropical cyclones and tropical cyclones.
• Landfall is the lawsuit of a tropical cyclone coming onto onshore aft being implicit water. A tropical cyclone is classified arsenic making landfall erstwhile the halfway of the tempest moves crossed the coast; successful beardown tropical cyclones this is erstwhile the oculus moves implicit land. This is wherever astir of the harm occurs wrong a mature tropical cyclone arsenic astir of the damaging aspects of these systems are concentrated adjacent the eye-wall. Such effects see the peaking of the tempest surge, the halfway of beardown winds comes connected shore, and dense flooding rains. These coupled with precocious surf tin origin large formation erosion.
Do You Know:
• A “Cyclonic Storm’ oregon a “Cyclone” is an aggravated vortex oregon a whirl successful the ambiance with precise beardown winds circulating astir it successful anti-clockwise absorption successful the Northern Hemisphere and successful clockwise absorption successful the Southern Hemisphere. Tropical cyclones are besides referred to arsenic ‘Hurricanes’ implicit Atlantic Ocean, ‘Typhoons’ implicit Pacific Ocean, ‘Willy-Willies’ implicit Australian Seas and simply arsenic ‘Cyclones’ implicit northbound Indian Ocean (NIO).
• Also known arsenic mid-latitude cyclones, extratropical cyclones hap extracurricular the tropics (that is beyond the areas that autumn nether the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn). They person “cold aerial astatine their core, and deduce their vigor from the merchandise of imaginable vigor erstwhile acold and lukewarm aerial masses interact”, according to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
• Tropical cyclones are those which make successful the regions betwixt the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer. They are the astir devastating storms connected Earth. Such cyclones make erstwhile “thunderstorm enactment starts gathering adjacent to the centre of circulation, and the strongest winds and rainfall are nary longer successful a set acold from the centre,” NOAA noted.
• The halfway of the tempest turns warm, and the cyclone gets astir of its vigor from the “latent heat” released erstwhile h2o vapour that has evaporated from lukewarm water waters condenses into liquid water, the bureau added. Moreover, lukewarm fronts oregon acold fronts aren’t associated with tropical cyclones.
• Tropical cyclones person antithetic names depending connected their determination and strength. For instance, they are known arsenic hurricanes successful the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Atlantic Ocean and the eastbound and cardinal North Pacific Ocean. In the occidental North Pacific, they are called typhoons.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Cyclone Dana to deed Odisha, West Bengal: How and wherefore cyclones are named
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
10. Consider the pursuing statements: (UPSC GS1 2020)
1. Jet streams hap successful the Northern Hemisphere only.
2. Only immoderate cyclones make an eye.
3. The somesthesia wrong the oculus of a cyclone is astir 10°C lesser than that of the surroundings.
Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 2 only
d) 1 and 3 only
| PRELIMS ANSWER KEY |
| 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (c) |
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