Knowledge Nugget of the day: Global Multidimensional Poverty Index

Key Takeaways:

1. According to the World Bank, poorness is “pronounced deprivation successful well-being”. The mediocre are those who bash not person capable income oregon depletion to enactment them supra immoderate capable minimum threshold. It is not lone astir the lack of fiscal resources but besides the deprivation of assorted dimensions of life.

2. The 2024 Multidimensional Poverty Index was published connected 17th October connected the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. It was archetypal launched successful 2010.

3. It aims to propulsion guardant the extremity of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)- 1— ending poorness successful each its forms everyplace —and measures interconnected deprivations crossed indicators related to SDGs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 11.

4. The Global MPI uses 10 indicators covering 3 main areas: (i) health, (ii) education, and (iii) modular of living. These 3 dimensions person one-third value each successful the last index.

5. The wellness magnitude includes nutrition and kid & teen mortality indicators. The acquisition magnitude includes years of schooling and schoolhouse attendance indicators. The modular of surviving magnitude includes six household-specific indicators: housing, household assets, benignant of cooking fuel, entree to sanitation, drinking water, and electricity.

Highlights from the Report

1. Out of a full colonisation of 6.3 billion, 1.1 cardinal individuals (18.3 percent) are presently experiencing acute multidimensional poorness successful 112 countries. 584 cardinal children nether the property of 18 marque up much than fractional of the 1.1 cardinal mediocre people.

2. The UNDP’s MPI halved from 55.1 per cent to 27.7 per cent betwixt 2005-06 to 2015-16. That means astir 271 cardinal radical moved retired of poverty.

3. Nearly 40% of the 1.1 cardinal mediocre (455 million) unrecorded successful countries exposed to convulsive conflict, hindering and adjacent reversing hard-won advancement to trim poverty.

4. The study pointed retired that the countries with the lowest Human Development Index (HDI) values thin to person the highest MPI values and the highest proportionality of radical surviving successful poverty, but a ample stock of radical besides reside successful mean HDI countries similar India.

5. The 5 countries with the largest fig of radical surviving successful poorness are India (234 million), which is mean HDI, and Pakistan (93 million), Ethiopia (86 million), Nigeria (74 million) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (66 million), each debased HDI.

6. India’s MPI worth is 0.069. The little MPI values correspond a amended show regarding multidimensional poverty. The higher MPI worth is of Niger, 0.601 and the lowest is of Serbia with an MPI worth of 0.

BEYOND THE NUGGET: NITI Aayog MPI

1. NITI Aayog successful collaboration with the UNDP and OPHI developed the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) successful November 2021 that offers a multi-dimensional position connected poverty.

2. It uses the internationally acclaimed Alkire Foster methodology with the quality that National MPI covers 12 indicators portion planetary MPI covers 10 indicators. The caller study connected National MPI was based connected National Family Health Surveys 4 (2015-16) and 5 (2019-21).

3. National MPI has retained the 10 indicators of Global MPI and included 2 further indicators, namely Maternal Health (in the magnitude of Health) and Bank Account (in the magnitude of Standard of Living).

Weightage of indicators successful the National MPI. (Source: UNDP)

4. The stock of India’s colonisation surviving successful multidimensional poorness is estimated to person fallen to 11.28 per cent successful 2022-23 from 29.17 per cent successful 2013-14, according to a treatment paper, Multidimensional Poverty successful India Since 2005-06, published by NITI Aayog connected Jan 15.

5. In implicit numbers, NITI Aayog estimates a full of 24.82 crore radical escaped multidimensional poorness successful the past 9 years. States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan recorded the sharpest diminution successful the fig of radical classified arsenic mediocre based connected the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).

6. According to the estimated stock of MPI mediocre successful 2013-14 and 2022-23, Bihar recorded a 53 per cent driblet from 56.3 per cent stock of MPI mediocre successful 2013-14 to 26.59 per cent successful 2022-23. Jharkhand besides recorded a 50 per cent driblet from 47.13 per cent stock of MPI mediocre to 23.34 per cent.

7. Six authoritative committees person truthful acold estimated the fig of radical surviving successful poorness successful India — the moving radical of 1962; V N Dandekar and N Rath successful 1971; Y K Alagh successful 1979; D T Lakdawala successful 1993; Suresh Tendulkar successful 2009; and C Rangarajan successful 2014.

8. The authorities did not instrumentality a telephone connected the study of the Rangarajan Committee; therefore, poorness is measured utilizing the Tendulkar poorness line. As per this, 21.9% of radical successful India unrecorded beneath the poorness line.

(Source: India’s stubborn income poorness problem, Multidimensional poverty: meaning, numbers, India’s multidimensional poorness complaint down to 11.28% successful 2022-23 from 29.17% successful 2013-14, International Day for Eradication of Poverty: Understanding poorness debates successful India, undp.org)

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