2 hours ago
1
Every Monday, UPSC Current Affairs Pointers successful UPSC Essentials aim to spell beyond the headlines and supply contented applicable to your UPSC Prelims, State PCS, and different competitory examinations.
🚨 It’s our archetypal anniversary! The Indian Express UPSC Essentials brings to you the September contented of its monthly magazine, the special day edition. Click Here to read. Share your views and suggestions successful the remark container oregon astatine manas.srivastava@indianexpress.com🚨
Polity
— Five languages – Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali – are accorded the presumption of ‘classical language’. Now, the full ‘classical language’ successful India is 11.
— In October 2004, the Centre decided to make a caller class of languages arsenic “classical languages”.
— In November 2004, a Linguistic Experts Committee (LEC) was constituted by the Ministry of Culture nether the Sahitya Akademi to analyse the eligibility of the languages projected to beryllium accorded classical connection status.
— On July 25 this year, the LEC unanimously revised the criteria for classical status.
— It includes: High antiquity of aboriginal texts, and recorded past implicit a play of 1500- 2000 years; a assemblage of past literature/ texts, which is considered a practice by generations of speakers; epigraphic and inscriptional evidence; cognition texts, particularly prose texts successful summation to poetry; and that classical languages and lit could beryllium chiseled from its existent signifier oregon could beryllium discontinuous with aboriginal forms of its offshoots.
— The archetypal connection to get recognised arsenic a classical connection was Tamil (2004), followed by Sanskrit (2005), Telugu (2008), Kannada (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
| Some Interesting Facts |
| There is no azygous Prakrit language. Prakrit refers to a radical of intimately related Indo-Aryan languages. Ardhamagadhi is simply a dialect of Prakrit. Jain agamas and the Gatha Saptashati are written successful Ardhamagadhi.
Pali is simply a signifier of Sanskritised Magadhi Prakrit. It was the connection of the Theravada Buddhist Canon — the Tipitakas. Prakrit and Pali are the 2 Classical languages that are not mentioned successful the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution. |
— The Union Health Ministry has released draught guidelines connected withdrawing oregon withholding aesculapian attraction successful terminally sick patients, closing a regulatory spread that near aesculapian professionals successful a lurch.
— Euthanasia refers to the signifier of an idiosyncratic deliberately ending their life, oftentimes to get alleviation from an incurable condition, oregon intolerable symptom and suffering. It is of 2 types – ‘active’ and ‘passive’.
— Active euthanasia, which is ineligible successful lone a fewer countries, entails the usage of lethal substances to extremity the beingness of the patient. Passive euthanasia is erstwhile life-support mechanisms that sphere the patient’s beingness are withdrawn
— Active euthanasia is amerciable successful India. However, successful 2018, the Supreme Court allowed for a ‘living will’ where, an big successful his conscious mind, is permitted to garbage aesculapian attraction oregon voluntarily determine not to instrumentality aesculapian attraction to clasp decease successful a earthy way.
— NETHERLANDS, LUXEMBOURG, BELGIUM allow both euthanasia and assisted termination for anyone who faces “unbearable suffering” that has nary accidental of improvement. SWITZERLAND bans euthanasia but allows assisted dying successful the beingness of a doc oregon physician.
— An adept committee constituted by NITI Aayog, successful 2023, aft the outbreak of Covid has released a study titled ‘Future Pandemic Preparedness and Emergency Response —A Framework for Action’.
— It has recommended a caller Public Health Emergency Management Act (PHEMA) and the implementation of different measures to guarantee a swift and effectual effect wrong the archetypal 100 days of the outbreak.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi takes portion successful a cleanliness thrust astatine a schoolhouse successful New Delhi connected Wednesday. (PTI Photo)
— On 2nd October, the Swachh Bharat Mission completed its 10 years.
— The taxable of this twelvemonth is “Swabhav Swachhata, Sanskar Swachhata“.
— It was launched connected October 2, 2014, to execute cosmopolitan sanitation sum and to marque the state Open Defecation Free (ODF).
— The 2nd signifier of the project, launched successful 2021, is expected to tally till 2025. It included the people of ensuring that the attraction of some liquid and coagulated discarded is achieved done the assistance of exertion and backstage assemblage engagement.
International Cooperation
— India, Nepal, and Bangladesh person signed a tripartite statement to facilitate cross-border energy trade.
— As per the agreement, Nepal volition export 40 MW of hydroelectricity to Bangladesh via Indian territory.
— The complaint per portion of energy has been fixed astatine 6.4 cents. From the export of electricity, Nepal volition marque an yearly income of astir USD 9.2 million.
Events
- Ayush Medical Value Travel Summit 2024
— Ayush Medical Value Travel Summit 2024 was inaugurated successful Mumbai connected September 30.
— The summit’s taxable was ‘Global Synergy successful Ayush: Transforming Health and Wellness done Medical Value Travel’.
— The acme is organised by the Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, successful collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism, the Government of Maharashtra, and cardinal partner.
Environment
— According to the latest contented of Current Biology, the Indian elephant migrated from the northbound to the southbound implicit galore millennia and mislaid their familial diverseness progressively with each southward migration.
— It was believed that the confederate elephant colonisation was divided by the Palghat Gap, acting arsenic a earthy barrier, on the Western Ghats. Now, a caller survey has revealed that the Shencottah Gap further southbound besides acted arsenic an impediment to elephant movement.
— The Palaghat Gap is simply a large interruption successful the Western Ghats upland range. Shencottah Gap connects Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
— The elephant census is conducted each 5 years by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), an autonomous assemblage nether the ministry. However, determination is simply a hold successful the merchandise of caller information owed to alteration successful the methodology.
— According to the past nationalist census conducted successful 2017, India is location to much than 29,000 elephants.
— In 2023, Project Elephant was merged with Project Tiger to make a new division with the sanction ‘Project Tiger and Elephant Division’ nether the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
— Elephant Day is celebrated connected August 12.
— Asian elephants, technological name- Elephas maximus indicus, IUCN status- Endangered.
— Hurricane Helene has caused immense demolition successful Southeastern United States.
— The tempest triggered the worst flooding successful North Carolina successful implicit a century.
Report
— The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has released the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for 2022-23.
— It showed that the full fig of employees successful manufacturing industries accrued by 7.5 per cent to 1.84 crore successful 2022-23 from 1.72 crore successful 2021-22.
— This is the highest complaint of summation successful employment successful manufacturing industries successful the past 12 years.
— The highest employment was recorded successful factories producing nutrient products, followed by textiles, and basal metals.
— According to the report, the fig of workers employed successful the informal assemblage successful 2022-23 fell by 16.45 lakh, oregon 1.5 per cent, to 10.96 crore from 11.13 crore successful 2015-16.
(FYI: These information are meant to make an knowing astir the presumption of the economy. You don’t request to retrieve everything.)
Diseases
(Just FYI: UPSC has consistently included questions connected wellness and diseases successful its examinations implicit the years. For instance, successful 2014, a question astir the Ebola microorganism appeared successful the Prelims, and successful 2017, a question astir the Zika microorganism was featured. Therefore, it is important to enactment updated connected diseases that are presently successful the news.)
— Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann has been diagnosed with leptospirosis and has been enactment connected medication.
— According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), Leptospirosis is an infectious illness caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira.
— It is chiefly a illness of animals that occasionally infect humans. The bacteria tin beryllium transmitted to humans done cuts and abrasions of the skin, oregon the mucous membranes of the eyes, chemoreceptor and rima with h2o contaminated with the urine of infected animals.
— Common animals that transmit Leptospirosis see workplace animals specified arsenic cattle, pigs, and horses but tin scope from chaotic animals specified arsenic raccoons and porcupines to domesticated dogs.
Persons successful News
urgeon Vice Admiral Arti Sarin
— Surgeon Vice Admiral Arti Sarin became the archetypal women doc to clasp the presumption of the Director General of the Armed Forces Medical Services (DGAFMS).
— The DGAFMS is straight liable to the Ministry of Defence for wide aesculapian argumentation matters which are related to the Armed Forces
— M V Shreyams Kumar of Mathrubhumi was elected President of The Indian Newspaper Society (INS), an apex assemblage of publishers of newspapers, magazines and periodicals successful the country.
— The INS, earlier known arsenic Indian & Eastern Newspaper Society, was inaugurated astatine a gathering of the representatives of the pursuing founding publications connected February 27, 1939, astatine the Statesman House, New Delhi.
(Source: indiannewspapersociety.in)
— Delhi High Court Acting Chief Justice Manmohan took oath arsenic the Delhi High Court’s Chief Justice connected 29th September.
— Appointment of Acting Chief Justices is to beryllium made by the President nether Article 223 of the Constitution.
— The Chief Justice and Judges of the High Courts are to beryllium appointed by the President nether clause (1) of Article 217 of the Constitution.
Hezbollah person Hassan Nasrallah. (Reuters)
— Hassan Nasrallah, the person of Hezbollah, was killed by Israel successful an aerial strike.
— Hezbollah, the “Party of God”, was formed successful the aboriginal 1980s successful effect to the Israeli concern of Lebanon.
— Israel considered Nasrallah a terrorist, and Hezbollah has been designated a violent organisation by respective countries.
— On 1st October, Mark Rutte took bureau arsenic the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s 14th Secretary General.
— He is simply a erstwhile Prime Minister of the Netherlands.
Places successful News
(Just FYI: The determination of the spot is important, considering that UPSC has asked respective questions astir places that were successful the news, specified arsenic Aleppo and Kirkuk, successful the 2018 UPSC Prelims. The champion mode to retrieve them is to crippled them connected a satellite map.)
A presumption of the Somnath Temple successful Gujarat. (Express photo)
— 800 cops and dozens of excavators were deployed successful a demolition thrust adjacent Somnath Temple.
— It is an important Hindu pilgrimage located successful Prabhas Patan, Veraval, successful Gujarat.
— According to the temple website, it is “the beatified spot of the First Aadi Jyotirling Shree Somnath Mahadev.”
— The temple faced a superior onslaught successful 1026 CE by Mahmud of Ghazni during the reign of Bhima I.
— According to an inscription, Kumarapala (r. 1143–72) rebuilt the Somnath temple successful 1169. He replaced a decaying woody temple.
— During its 1299 penetration of Gujarat, Alauddin Khalji’s army, led by Ulugh Khan, defeated the Vaghela king Karna, and sacked the Somnath temple.
— In 1395, the temple was destroyed for the 3rd clip by Zafar Khan, the past politician of Gujarat nether the Delhi Sultanate and aboriginal laminitis of the Gujarat Sultanate.
— According to the temple website, successful 1782, Maratha queen Ahalyabai Holkar built a tiny temple astatine the site.
— After Independence, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel announced the determination to reconstruct Somnath astatine a immense gathering successful Junagarh.
(Source: girsomnath.nic.in)
— A caller survey has recovered caller grounds that confirms the dockyard’s beingness successful the Harappan metropolis of Lothal, on the Bhogava river, a tributary of Sabarmati, successful the Bhal portion of Gujarat.
— The survey has revealed that the Sabarmati stream utilized to travel by Lothal (currently, it flows 20 km distant from the location) during the Harappan Civilisation.
— The meaning of Lothal (a operation of Loth and (s) thal) successful Gujarati is “the mound of the dead.”
— The post-city of Lothal was excavated by Archaeologist SR Rao.
— Lothal was nominated successful April 2014 arsenic a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and its exertion is pending connected the tentative database of UNESCO.
— In August 2024, India and Vietnam signed an statement to make the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) successful Lothal.
— NMHC is acceptable to go an planetary tourer destination, showcasing India’s maritime practice from past to modern times. The task began successful March 2022 and is being developed astatine a outgo of Rs 4,500 crore.
(Source: PIB)
Chagos Island
— The United Kingdom announced connected October 3 that it would cede sovereignty of the strategically important Chagos Islands to Mauritius.
— The Chagos archipelago, comprising 58 islands, lies astir 500 km to the southbound of the Maldives archipelago successful the Indian Ocean.
— These islands were utilized by the French for their coconut plantations. They ceded the land to the British successful 1814.
— In 1965, it became portion of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) and attached to Mauritius. Even erstwhile Mauritius gained independency successful 1968, Chagos remained with Britain.
— According to a caller study, the Arun River basin, located 75 km distant from Mount Everest, is causing the Everest highest to emergence by up to 2 mm per year.
— The Arun River is dispersed crossed Nepal and Tibet. It drains into the Kosi River, contributing to the Sapt-Kosi River h2o system.
— Currently, Sutlej Jal Vikas Nigam (SJVN) is executing 2,200 MW of 3 Hydroelectric Projects successful the Arun River basin successful Nepal.
Important locations progressive successful the West Asia Conflict
Awards
Actor-politician Mithun Chakraborty has been named arsenic the recipient of the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award,
— Actor and erstwhile Rajya Sabha MP Mithun Chakraborty volition beryllium conferred the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2024.
— He volition beryllium presented the grant astatine the 70th National Film Awards ceremonial connected October 8, 2024.
— It is India’s highest honour successful cinema, established successful 1969, which is presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals.
Terms making buzz
— Cyber Slavery: It refers to a concern wherever an idiosyncratic is allegedly held against their volition and forced to transportation retired cyber fraud. According to a caller report, arsenic galore arsenic 5,000 Indians person been duped successful specified scams successful Cambodia.
— PUSA-44: Pusa-44 is simply a variant of paddy bred by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) successful New Delhi. It was released for large-scale cultivation successful 1993. Pusa-44 takes 155-160 days to grow, from the clip of sowing its seeds successful nurseries to harvesting the grain.
— Cadaver donation: It sees a idiosyncratic donate their full assemblage (rather than idiosyncratic organs) to subject aft death. Anyone implicit the property of 18 years tin legally consent to go a cadaver donor. Recently, CPI (M) person Sitaram Yechury, who died connected September 12, donated his assemblage to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS).
— Sarco Pod: It is simply a coffin-sized, air-tight instrumentality designed by Exit International. It is utilized for euthanasia successful Switzerland. It consists of a 3D-printed detachable capsule placed connected a basal with a canister of liquid nitrogen. A idiosyncratic lying wrong it could property a fastener to initiate the dying process, flooding the aerial wrong it with nitrogen gas.
Philip Nitschke, front, stands adjacent to a ‘suicide pod’ known arsenic ‘The Sarco’ successful Rotterdam, The Netherlands. (AP)
Test Your Knowledge
(Note: The champion mode to retrieve facts for UPSC and different competitory exams is to callback them done MCQs. Try to lick the pursuing questions connected your own.)
A. Which of the pursuing classical languages are besides listed successful Schedule 8 of the Constitution?
1. Marathi
2. Assamese
3. Bhojpuri
4. Pali
Select the close options.
(a) 1, 2, and 4 only
(b) 2, 3, and 4 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1 and 2 only
B. Where was the Ayush Medical Value Travel Summit 2024 was organised?
(a) New Delhi
(b) Mumbai
(c) Lucknow
(d) Gandhinagar
C. Consider the pursuing statements:
1. Lothal was listed arsenic a UNESCO World Heritage Site successful 2004.
2. India and Maldives person signed an statement to make the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) successful Lothal.
Which of the pursuing statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram transmission – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and travel america on Instagram and X.
For your answers, queries and suggestions constitute astatine khushboo.kumari@indianexpress.com
.png "indianexpress.")
.png "khaleejtimes")
.png "arabnews")
.png "gulfnews"){kind=logo}
English (US) · 
Hindi (IN) ·