UPSC Essentials | Mains answer practice — GS 1 : Questions on women’s economic participation and Grap Stage IV system (Week 78)

QUESTION 2

The superior constraint connected women’s economical information contiguous is the deficiency of employment opportunities, alternatively than societal constraints oregon entree to resources. Discuss.

General points connected the operation of the answers

Introduction

— The instauration of the reply is indispensable and should beryllium restricted to 3-5 lines. Remember, a one-liner is not a modular introduction.

— It whitethorn dwell of basal accusation by giving immoderate definitions from the trusted root and authentic facts.

Body

— It is the cardinal portion of the reply and 1 should recognize the request of the question to supply affluent content.

— The reply indispensable beryllium preferably written arsenic a premix of points and abbreviated paragraphs alternatively than utilizing agelong paragraphs oregon conscionable points.

— Using facts from authentic authorities sources makes your reply much comprehensive. Analysis is important based connected the request of the question, but bash not implicit analyse.

QUESTION 1: What is the “Grap Stage IV” system? Discuss the imaginable challenges and advantages of implementing specified a strategy astatine the nationalist level.

Note: This is not a exemplary answer. It lone provides you with thought process which you whitethorn incorporated into the answers.

Introduction:

— Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is simply a acceptable of exigency measures that footwear successful to forestall further deterioration of aerial prime erstwhile it reaches a definite threshold successful the Delhi-NCR region.

— It was approved by the Supreme Court successful 2016 and notified successful 2017, the program was formulated aft respective meetings the Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA) held with authorities authorities representatives and experts.

— GRAP is gradual, truthful erstwhile the aerial prime drops from ‘poor’ to ‘very poor’, the measures stated successful some sections indispensable beryllium implemented.

— GRAP is activated successful 4 stages: Stage I erstwhile the AQI is successful the ‘poor’ class (201 to 300), Stage II erstwhile it is successful the ‘very poor’ class (301-400), Stage III erstwhile the AQI is successful the ‘severe’ class (401-450), and Stage IV erstwhile it climbs to the ‘severe +’ class (more than 450).

Body:

You whitethorn incorporated immoderate of the pursuing points successful your answer:

GRAP IV says:

— Stop introduction of motortruck postulation into Delhi (except for trucks carrying indispensable commodities/ providing indispensable services). All LNG/CNG/Electric/BS- VI Diesel trucks shall, however, beryllium permitted to participate Delhi.

— Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) registered extracurricular Delhi, different than EVs/CNG/BS-VI diesel, are not permitted to participate Delhi, unless they are carrying indispensable commodities oregon providing important services.

— Enforce a terrible regularisation connected the cognition of Delhi-registered BS-IV and little diesel-powered Medium Goods Vehicles (MGVs) and Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) successful Delhi, with the objection of those transporting captious commodities oregon providing indispensable services.

— Ban operation and demolition activities, arsenic successful GRAP Stage III, for linear nationalist projects specified arsenic highways, roads, flyovers, overbridges, powerfulness transmission, pipelines, telecommunications and truthful on.

— NCR authorities governments and the Delhi authorities whitethorn determine to discontinue carnal schools, including classes VI-IX and XI, and alternatively connection acquisition online.

— NCR State governments/Delhi authorities volition find whether to alteration governmental, municipal, and backstage offices to enactment 50% of the time and the equilibrium from home.

— The Central Government whitethorn marque suitable judgments astir the support of employees successful cardinal authorities offices to enactment from home.

— State governments whitethorn follow other exigency measures specified arsenic closing colleges/educational institutions and non-emergency commercialized activities, allowing vehicles to tally connected odd-even registration numbers, and truthful on.

Conclusion:

— The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) urges NCR inhabitants to travel the Citizen Charter nether GRAP and lend to the effectual implementation of GRAP measures aimed astatine maintaining and improving determination aerial quality.

— Children, the elderly, and those with respiratory, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, oregon different chronic disorders should debar outdoor activities and walk arsenic overmuch clip indoors arsenic possible.

(Source: Why GRAP signifier IV has been announced now, what is allowed nether it)

Points to Ponder

Read astir Air Quality Index

CAQM

Harmful effects of aerial pollution

Related Previous Year Question

Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the 3 mega cities of the state but the aerial contamination is overmuch much superior occupation successful Delhi arsenic compared to the different two. Why is this so? (2015)

QUESTION 2: The superior constraint connected women’s economical information contiguous is the deficiency of employment opportunities, alternatively than societal constraints oregon entree to resources. Discuss.

Note: This is not a exemplary answer. It lone provides you with thought process which you whitethorn incorporated into the answers.

Introduction:

— Women’s wage labour information successful India has stagnated, and blimpish societal norms person emerged arsenic utile targets for knowing wherefore rising economical affluence has not translated into accrued employment for women.

— The sex spread successful acquisition has astir vanished, and girls look to beryllium connected way to outperform males. In 2011-12, IHDS discovered that 27% of 20-29-year-old women had completed people 12, with lone 12% having a assemblage degree. In 2022-24, much than fractional had completed people 12, and 26% had a assemblage degree.

Body:

You whitethorn incorporated immoderate of the pursuing points successful your answer:

— The India Human Development Survey (IHDS), conducted by the University of Maryland and the National Council of Applied Economic Research, examined changes successful the lives of Indian households betwixt 2004 and 2024. This canvass of implicit 42,000 households chronicles accordant changes successful Indian women’s lives and highlights the aspirational displacement that young Indian women successful the 2020s are experiencing erstwhile contrasted to their sisters who grew up successful the archetypal decennary of the century.

— The 2nd question of IHDS was undertaken successful 2011-12, and the 3rd wave, which covers the years 2022-24, was precocious finished. Each circular of interviews focusses connected astir 18,000 joined and azygous women aged 20-29. Ten years is simply a abbreviated time, yet it was indispensable successful transforming the way of young Indian women’s life.

— Over the past decade, Indian parents person expanded their investments successful strengthening their daughters’ skills. Parental aspirations for their children — some men and daughters — person risen dramatically, resulting successful a monolithic summation successful education.

— More importantly, determination was nary quality successful the proportionality of young men and young women holding a assemblage degree. This summation successful girls’ acquisition coincided with a hold successful marriage. In 2011-12, 76% of women successful their twenties were married; by 2022-24, this fig had declined to 66%.

— Young women began to broaden their transportation to the satellite astir them. The proportionality of women who felt unafraid going a abbreviated region unsocial by autobus oregon bid climbed from 42% to 54%, portion rank successful Self Help Groups accrued from 10% to 18% for women successful their twenties. Even governmental enactment has accrued slightly; successful 2012, 6 per cent attended a governmental gathering of a gram sabha oregon ward committee; by 2022, this proportionality was 8 per cent.

— Women proceed to lend to the system by moving connected household farms, and the Periodic Labour Force Survey shows a important maturation successful this activity. Women’s wage labour participation, connected the different hand, has plateaued. According to the IHDS, the proportionality of 20-29-year-old women successful wage enactment was 18% successful 2012, but volition autumn to 14% successful 2022. Some of this whitethorn beryllium attributable to expanding assemblage enrolment, but adjacent among women successful their 30s, wage labour information has stalled.

Conclusion:

— These are not revolutionary changes; women proceed to navigate their lives nether galore constraints. However, the aggregate of these shifts demonstrates the continual modulation successful the societal and normative situation successful which Indian women live.

— Women’s empowerment is defined by 4 important areas: idiosyncratic efficacy, powerfulness successful intra-household bargaining, societal engagement, and entree to income-generating activities. The archetypal 3 are improving. The 4th metric, entree to employment, has remained stagnant. It is clip to promote India’s daughters to stock successful the benefits of economical progress; they person intelligibly demonstrated their readiness and willingness to assistance harvest the sex dividend.

(Source: It’s not societal constraints oregon entree anymore — women are held backmost by deficiency of employment opportunities by Sonalde Desai)

Points to Ponder

Women empowerment

Participation of women successful labour force

Related Previous Year Questions

Examine the relation of ‘Gig Economy’ successful the process of empowerment of women successful India. (2021)

“Male rank needs to beryllium encouraged successful bid to marque women’s organisations escaped from sex bias.” Comment. (2013)

Previous Mains Answer Practice

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 1 (Week 77)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 1 (Week 76)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 2 (Week 78)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 2 (Week 77)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 3 (Week 78)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 3 (Week 77)

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