2 hours ago
1
🚨 It’s our archetypal anniversary! The Indian Express UPSC Essentials brings to you the September issue of its monthly magazine, the special day edition.Click Here to read. Share your views and suggestions successful the remark container oregon at manas.srivastava@indianexpress.com🚨
Front
Govt printed, past shelved its study connected elephant census: Count fell by 20% successful 5 years
UPSC Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance
Mains Examination: GS-III: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment.
What’s the ongoing story- Hundreds of copies of the Environment Ministry’s elephant census study — Status of Elephant successful India 2022-23 — person been gathering particulate since February this year. The authorities hasn’t released the study citing a hold successful the census successful the Northeast.
Prerequisites:
— Know astir elephants, their types, Elephant reserves successful India, and Conservation status.
— What is the nonsubjective of the Elephant census?
— Read astir the relation and relation of the Wildlife Institute of India (WII)
Key takeaways:
— The information from the unreleased report, reviewed by The Indian Express, shows a 20 per cent driblet successful the elephant colonisation from 5 years ago, with the Central Indian and Eastern Ghats adjacent signaling an alarming 41 per cent dip compared with 2017 estimates.
— Besides signaling the dip successful the elephant numbers, the unreleased study identifies “mushrooming developmental projects” specified arsenic “unmitigated mining and linear infrastructure construction” arsenic important threats to the species.
— The elephant census is conducted each 5 years by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), an autonomous assemblage nether the ministry.
— In the Central Indian and Eastern Ghats clump which saw the biggest descent successful elephant population, Southern West Bengal, Jharkhand and Orissa saw the maximum nonaccomplishment — 84 per cent, 68 per cent and 54 per cent, respectively.
— The driblet successful the Western Ghats scenery could beryllium arsenic precocious arsenic 18 per cent, chiefly owed to a descent successful the elephant colonisation of Kerala by astir 2,900 (51 per cent) from the revised estimation of 2017.
— The study besides warned that the once-contiguous elephant colonisation successful the Western Ghats — confederate Maharashtra to Kerala — is “rapidly disconnecting owed to changing onshore use, including expanding commercialized plantations (coffee and tea), farmland fencing, quality encroachment and mushrooming developmental projects.”
For Your Information:
— The Captive Elephant (Transfer oregon Transport) Rules, 2024, notified connected March 14 aft Parliament amended the Wildlife Protection Act, allows transportation of elephants for “religious oregon immoderate different purpose” by those possessing valid ownership certificates.
— The transportation and transport rules specify the presumption and conditions to beryllium followed for specified transfers. Elephants are an endangered taxon and listed nether Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Points to Ponder:
— What is human-animal conflict?
— What are the issues related to elephant conservation successful India?
— What are the initiatives taken by the government?
Post Read Question:
(1) With notation to Indian elephants, see the pursuing statements: (UPSC CSE 2020)
1. The person of an elephant radical is simply a female.
2. The maximum gestation play tin beryllium 22 months.
3. An elephant tin usually spell connected calving till the property of 40 years only.
4. Among the States successful India, the highest elephant colonisation is successful Kerala.
Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
India’s worry: Long commercialized route, precocious shipping rates, corridor risks
UPSC Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance
Mains Examination: GS-II, GS-III: International Relations, Indian Economy
What’s the ongoing story- As the struggle successful West Asia enters a caller and unstable phase, with Iran launching a barrage of missiles connected Israel overnight, some planetary and Indian traders are bracing for a prolonged disruption successful trade, arsenic the captious Red Sea shipping way whitethorn stay inaccessible to planetary shipping lines for a overmuch longer duration than antecedently anticipated, perchance keeping freight rates uncomfortably high.
Prerequisites:
— What are Hezbollah and Houthi?
— What is the ongoing Israel-Hezbollah conflict?
— Read astir the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC).
— Map work: Red Sea, Israel, Lebanon, Suez Canal, Iran, Gaza, Yemen.
Key takeaways:
— A large escalation of the year-long struggle successful West Asia has emerged aft Israel, having seemingly concluded its subject cognition against Hamas successful Gaza, shifted its absorption to the larger and much almighty Iranian proxy, Hezbollah, by launching a subject cognition successful Lebanon.
— While immoderate spot Nasrallah’s assassination arsenic a strategical triumph for Israel, arsenic the Hezbollah main had emerged arsenic 1 of the astir important figures successful the Arab satellite aft being credited for being the lone Arab unit to halt Israeli forces during its 2006 invasion, others, including erstwhile Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert successful his interrogation with a TV channel, warned that the Israeli incursion into Lebanon volition beryllium “messy” and whitethorn reason with “no clear-cut decision of the Hezbollah militant group”
— The widening of the struggle has accrued the hazard of commercialized disruptions, arsenic Hezbollah shares adjacent ties with the Houthi rebels successful Yemen, who are liable for the bulk of the attacks connected ships traversing the Red Sea route. This assumes value for India arsenic it relies heavy connected this way done the Suez Canal for its commercialized with Europe, the US, Africa, and West Asia, arsenic these regions accounted for implicit $400 cardinal successful FY23, according to Crisil Ratings.
— Exporters person agelong feared a nonstop struggle betwixt Israel and Iran arsenic it would mean a protracted disruption of the important Red Sea shipping route.
— However, India’s commercialized with West Asia has a metallic lining owed to the neutrality of determination players specified arsenic Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar, who person frankincense acold remained uninvolved successful the conflict.
— Since the Red Sea situation began, Indian exporters person been asking the authorities to absorption connected processing an Indian shipping enactment of planetary repute. The petition comes arsenic India’s outward remittance connected transport services is expanding with rising exports.
— The widening struggle successful West Asia could jeopardise the advancement of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), which was announced past twelvemonth during the G20 gathering successful New Delhi.
From the Editorial Page “A mirage called peace”
—P.R. Kumaraswamy writes– “Violence successful the Middle East is rapidly expanding with each passing day…The escalation manifests done 5 antithetic but intimately connected fronts that Israel is presently fighting: The Gaza Strip, pockets of the West Bank, Hezbollah successful the north, Houthi forces successful Yemen on the Red Sea and the Islamic Republic.”
— “Since the October 7 onslaught by Hamas, Israel has extended its counter-offensive. Beginning with its full-scale onshore violative connected October 27, it has expanded its strength and reach.”
— “For Iran, Hezbollah has been a cheap, effectual and cost-effective enactment against Israel…On April 14, Hezbollah joined Iran erstwhile the second launched a question of drones, cruise missiles and ballistic missiles against Israel. Since the assassination of erstwhile Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh successful Tehran connected July 31, determination person been wide speculations of Iranian retaliation. The temptations of a Gaza ceasefire seemed to restrain Tehran.”
— “Even earlier the Lebanese violence, the ongoing Israel-Gaza struggle has crossed respective unpleasant, achy and avoidable milestones: The longest warfare Israel had fought since 1948 and the largest single-event casualty faced by the Palestinians. Both the US and Arab interlocutors — Egypt and Qatar — were incapable to span the gap. Even home pressures wrong Israel against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu person been insufficient to alteration the people of events.”
— “Scores of radical successful the portion and beyond privation a ceasefire, impermanent suspension of hostilities and resumption of dialogue; but warring leaders spot the concern differently.”
— “When bid is viewed arsenic “surrender”, determination is small 1 tin accomplish. Without an effectual carrot-and-stick strategy for each players — particularly Israel, Iran, Hamas and Hezbollah — determination is small the planetary assemblage tin do.”
For Your Information:
— Hezbollah translates to “Party of God”. The deliberation vessel Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has antecedently described it arsenic “The world’s astir heavy equipped non-state actor, with a ample and divers stockpile of unguided artillery rockets, arsenic good arsenic ballistic, antiair, antitank, and antiship missiles.”
— Hezbollah originated during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990), which was a effect of “long-simmering discontent implicit the large, equipped Palestinian beingness successful the country”, according to the Council connected Foreign Relations (CFR).
— The Houthis are a ample clan belonging to the Zaidi Shia sect, with roots successful Yemen’s northwestern Saada province. Zaidis marque up astir 35 per cent of Yemen’s population.
— IMEC is simply a connectivity task that seeks to make a seamless infrastructure of ports, railways, roads, oversea lines and pipelines to heighten commercialized among India, the Arabian Peninsula, the Mediterranean portion and Europe.
Points to Ponder:
— What is the past of struggle successful the West Asia?
— What is the value of West Asia for India?
— What bash caller developments successful the mediate eastbound mean for India’s Middle East policy?
— What are the assorted measures taken to guarantee struggle solution successful the mediate east?
Post Read Question:
Prelims
(2) What is/are the impacts connected India of the struggle betwixt Israel and Iran?
1. Decrease successful export
2. Increase successful import
3. Change of commercialized route
Select the close reply utilizing the codes fixed below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 2 only
Mains
Examine the opportunities for a lasting West Asia bid solution successful the discourse of the ‘historic’ talks started successful September 2010. (UPSC CSE 2010)
Explained
New SEBI rules to curb F&O frenzy, purpose to support tiny investors
UPSC Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of National importance, Economic & Social Development
Mains Examination: GS-III: Indian Economy
What’s the ongoing story- Markets regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has released a acceptable of six measures to fortify the equity scale derivatives — besides known arsenic equity futures & options (F&O) — framework.
Prerequisites:
— Read astir SEBI
— What are futures & options (F&O)?
— Difference betwixt superior and wealth market
Key takeaways:
— The F&O conception has been witnessing an exponential leap successful trading volumes, with the bulk of investors incurring losses. The accrued enactment successful the derivatives marketplace has go a origin of interest for the authorities and regulators, arsenic surging F&O volumes person started to impinge connected superior enactment and airs a systemic hazard to the country’s economical growth.
— Market experts judge that tighter F&O rules could assistance bounds speculation successful the derivatives market, support the involvement of retail investors, summation constructive participation, and amended marketplace stability.
New Rules
— Contract size for scale derivatives recalibrated: The minimum declaration size astatine the clip of its instauration successful the marketplace has been recalibrated to Rs 15 lakh from the existing stipulation of Rs 5-10 lakh.
—Implication: V K Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist astatine Geojit Financial Services, said the summation successful declaration size tin curb speculation by tiny traders who person been hyperactive successful the F&O segment.
— Upfront postulation of options premium: To contradict undue intra-day leverage to the extremity client, and discourage the signifier of allowing positions beyond the collateral astatine the extremity client-level, SEBI has mandated the postulation of options premium upfront from options buyers by the trading subordinate (TM) oregon the clearing subordinate (CM). The caller regularisation volition beryllium applicable from February 1, 2025.
—Implication: This is chiefly to guarantee prudent hazard absorption astatine the capitalist level, Puneet Sharma, CEO and Fund Manager astatine Whitespace Alpha, a multi-asset people plus absorption firm, said.
—Rationalisation of play scale derivatives products: SEBI has said that expiry-day trading successful scale options astatine a clip erstwhile enactment premiums are low, is mostly speculative. Stock exchanges connection short-tenure options contracts connected indices which expire connected each time of the week, starring to hyperactive trading successful scale options connected expiry day.
—Implication: Sanghavi said this volition bounds the avenues for uncovered/ bare options selling. A bare presumption 1 that is not hedged. SEBI is focusing connected reducing the measurement of purely speculative trades, and thereby curbing the predominant terms fluctuations that tin destabilise the market.
—Intra-day monitoring of presumption limits: Amid ample volumes of trading connected expiry day, determination is simply a anticipation of undetected intra-day positions beyond permissible limits. “To code the hazard of presumption instauration beyond permissible limits…existing presumption limits for equity scale derivatives shall henceforth besides beryllium monitored intra-day by exchanges,” SEBI said. This volition beryllium effectual from April 1, 2025.
—Implication: Intra-day monitoring of presumption limits, alternatively than conscionable end-of-day checks, reflects a committedness to ensuring real-time compliance with regulatory norms.
—Removal of ‘calendar spread’ attraction connected expiry day: Expiry time tin spot important ‘basis’ risk, wherever the worth of a declaration expiring connected the time tin determination precise otherwise from the worth of akin contracts expiring successful future.
—Implication: “This volition unit players to bash rollovers aboriginal and not hold until expiry day, easing expiry time ‘basis’ speculation,” Sanghavi said.
—Increase successful ‘tail risk’ sum connected time of expiry: The regulator has accrued the ‘tail risk’ sum by levying an further ‘Extreme Loss Margin’ (ELM) of 2% for abbreviated options contracts. ELM is the borderline that exchanges complaint implicit and supra the mean borderline requirement. Tail hazard is the accidental of a nonaccomplishment owed to a uncommon event.
—Implication: This volition guarantee that marketplace participants person much tegument successful the game, peculiarly connected days erstwhile volatility spikes. It acts arsenic a buffer against abrupt marketplace moves driven by leveraged abbreviated options, protecting some investors and the broader marketplace ecosystem from important downside risk.
For Your Information:
— In caller years, commercialized volumes successful the Indian derivative markets person dramatically outpaced the currency market, according to Axis Mutual Fund research. The probe besides noted that India’s derivatives to currency measurement ratio was acold larger than those of different countries. Much of this maturation has been driven by mean investors, the bulk of whom person mislaid wealth successful this marketplace but person continued to trade.
— According to a caller study by the stock market regulator, 1.13 crore individuals person mislaid a stunning Rs 1.81 lakh crore trading successful the F&O conception during the past 3 fiscal years.
— According to the Economic Survey 2023-24, trading successful these categories “caters to humans’ gambling instincts” due to the fact that they person the imaginable to make monolithic rewards.
Points to Ponder:
— What is ‘tail risk’ coverage?
— What is a ‘calendar spread’ treatment?
Post Read Question:
With notation to the caller guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) aimed astatine regulating the activities of overseas organization investors (FIIs), sermon the implications of these rules connected the Indian banal marketplace and tiny investors.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
Sebi tightens F&O rules to curb derivatives marketplace frenzy, support tiny investor
Food Safety laws successful States
UPSC Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of National importance.
Mains Examination: GS-III: Food processing and related industries successful India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, proviso concatenation management.
What’s the ongoing story- The Uttar Pradesh authorities past week made it mandatory for nutrient establishments to “prominently” show to customers the names of “the operator, proprietor, manager, and different applicable personnel”. A time later, Himachal Pradesh curate Vikramaditya Singh said that successful his authorities too, “every eatery and accelerated nutrient cart volition person to show the owner’s ID”.
Prerequisites:
— Read astir FSSAI
— Read astir Food Safety Index 2024
Key takeaways:
— On July 22, the Supreme Court stayed akin orders passed by constabulary successful UP and Uttarakhand for this year’s kanwar yatra. The tribunal said that the “competent authority” nether the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) could so contented specified orders, but constabulary could not “usurp” this power.
Regulations for selling nutrient successful India
— Anyone who intends to run a nutrient concern is required to either registry oregon licence their concern from the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), a assemblage established nether the FSSA to show and make regulations for however nutrient should beryllium processed, distributed, sold, and imported to guarantee “safe and wholesome” food.
— Under the Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) Rules, 2011 (enacted nether the FSSA), “Petty Food Manufacturers” specified arsenic small-scale nutrient businesses, hawkers, vendors, and stall holders, are required to registry with the FSSAI.
— If the registration is approved, the Petty Food Manufacturer receives a registration certificate and a photograph individuality paper “which shall beryllium displayed astatine a salient spot astatine each times wrong the premises oregon conveyance oregon cart”.
— Under the aforesaid rules, owners of alternatively ample firms indispensable get a licence from the nutrient authority. The licence indispensable besides beryllium “displayed astatine a salient spot astatine each times wrong the premises wherever the Food Business Operator carries connected the nutrient business” . In some cases, the owner’s individuality and the determination of the constitution indispensable already beryllium revealed (by photograph ID and FSSAI licence).
— Under Section 63 of the FSSA, immoderate relation who conducts a nutrient institution without a licence faces up to six months successful situation and a good of up to Rs 5 lakh.
For Your Information:
— Section 94(1) of the FSSA states: “Subject to the powers of the Central Government and the Food Authority to marque rules and regulations respectively, the State Government may, aft erstwhile work and with the erstwhile support of the Food Authority… marque rules to transportation retired the functions and duties assigned to the State Government and the State Commissioner of Food Safety nether this Act and the rules and regulations made thereunder”.
— Matters connected which authorities governments tin marque rules are elaborate successful Section 94(2). Under Section 94(2)(a), states tin marque rules connected matters that travel nether “other functions of the Commissioner of Food Safety nether clause (f) of sub-section (2) of conception 30”.
— The Commissioner of Food Safety is appointed by the authorities authorities nether Section 30 to guarantee “efficient implementation” of the FSSA and its accompanying rules and regulations. Sections 30(2)(a) to (e) screen circumstantial functions of the Commissioner of Food Safety (carrying retired surveys, grooming programmes, and approving prosecution for offences, etc.); Section 30(2)(f) gives the Commissioner a wide mandate — “such different functions arsenic the State Government may, successful consultation with the Food Authority, prescribe”.
— In addition, Section 94(2)(c) allows the authorities authorities to marque rules for “any different substance which is required to be, oregon whitethorn beryllium prescribed oregon successful respect of which proviso is to beryllium made by rules by the State Government”. Section 94(3) requires that the regularisation indispensable beryllium placed earlier the authorities legislature for support “as soon arsenic whitethorn be”.
Points to Ponder:
— What tin hap if immoderate provisions, rules, and regulations nether the FSSA are violated?
— Can a authorities government’s directives nether FSSA beryllium challenged successful court?
Post Read Question:
(3) Consider the pursuing statements:
1. The Commissioner of Food Safety is appointed by the cardinal authorities nether Section 30 to guarantee “efficient implementation” of the FSSA (Food Safety and Standards Authority).
2. Matters connected which authorities governments tin marque rules are elaborate successful Section 94(2)
Which of the statement(s) fixed supra is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
The Ideas Page
A mission’s adjacent step
UPSC Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance
Mains Examination: GS-III: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects successful mundane life.
What’s the ongoing story- Kris Gopalakrishnan writes: What’s communal to the pursuing accomplishments — a drone swarm lighting the skies successful coordinated splendour astatine the Beating Retreat ceremonial astatine Rashtrapati Bhavan… All of them are palmy outcomes from the Government of India’s Department of Science and Technology’s ambitious National Mission connected Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS).
Prerequisites:
— What is the nonsubjective of the National Mission connected Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS)?
— What are cyber-physical systems (CPS)?
Key takeaways:
— Launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi successful December 2018 with a budget outlay of Rs 3,660 crore, it aims to found India arsenic a planetary person successful Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) — merging the carnal satellite with computational systems, driving breakthroughs successful areas similar AI/ML, robotics, cybersecurity, and autonomous navigation.
— The Mission has adopted respective innovative mechanisms specified arsenic the constitution of Technology Innovation Hubs arsenic abstracted Section 8 companies to construe existing probe into precocious exertion readiness level (TRL), market-ready products pertaining to nationalist priorities.
— The IT-OT Security Operations Center (SOC) from C3iHub astatine IIT Kanpur offers 24/7 cyber menace protection, integrating precocious technologies similar intrusion detection, malware analysis, and real-time hazard assessment.
— Designed for some IT and OT assets crossed sectors specified arsenic powerfulness and h2o attraction and implemented astatine the National Highways Authority of India, it is 3x-5x much cost-effective than larger competitors.
— TiHAN Foundation astatine IIT Hyderabad focuses connected autonomous navigation for some aerial and terrestrial systems, offering a state-of-the-art testbed with precocious features similar trial tracks, rainfall simulators, and V2X communications.
— AWaDH astatine IIT Ropar is advancing cyber-physical systems to beforehand sustainable agriculture and h2o management.
— Another startup making a quality successful the defence assemblage is COMRADO Aerospace from ARTPARK astatine IISc, which develops high-performance, cost-effective solutions for commercialized and subject applications…
— The innovation hubs are expected to determination towards self-funding done commercialisation arsenic portion of their fiscal autonomy journey. Indian manufacture has a important relation to play here. They should money and co-create their adjacent innovations from these hubs.
— NM-ICPS’ occurrence volition play a pivotal relation successful positioning India arsenic a planetary person successful CPS technologies, with far-reaching implications for the country’s economical growth, self-reliance, and societal well-being.
For Your Information:
— Prime Minister Narendra Modi connected September 26 inaugurated 3 PARAM Rudra supercomputers worthy Rs 130 crore.
— Developed indigenously nether the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), the 3 caller supercomputers are located inPune, Delhi, and Kolkata, and marque up a High-Performance Computing (HPC) strategy tailored for upwind and clime research.
Points to Ponder:
— What is the value of NM-ICPS?
— What are the different authorities initiatives to beforehand probe successful new-age technology?
— What is the relation of backstage concern successful caller technologies?
Post Read Question:
Introduce the conception of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does Al assistance objective diagnosis? Do you comprehend immoderate menace to privateness of the idiosyncratic successful the usage of Al successful healthcare? (UPSC CSE 2023)
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
Explained: the value of India’s ngo to make supercomputers
Economy
India’s Saudi lipid imports leap arsenic Riyadh looks to claw backmost stock mislaid to Russia
UPSC Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance
Mains Examination: GS-II, GS-III: International Relations, Indian Economy
What’s the ongoing story- “India’s crude lipid imports recovered sequentially successful September arsenic a fewer under-maintenance refineries are slated to travel backmost connected watercourse successful October. Notably, the sequential betterment successful import volumes was led by Saudi Arabia, which has reduced its prices successful a bid to claw backmost immoderate of its mislaid marketplace stock successful India, according to vessel tracking information and manufacture watchers.”
Prerequisites:
— What is crude lipid and what are petroleum products?
— What is the import stock of crude lipid of full vigor imports?
— What is meant by Brent crude?
— What are the apical 5 crude oil-producing countries successful the world?
Key takeaways:
— Oil imports from Russia—New Delhi’s largest root marketplace for oil—also roseate successful September arsenic India’s wide lipid request expanded.
— Oil imports from Saudi Arabia successful September jumped 39.8 per cent month-on-month to 0.73 cardinal barrels per time (bpd), the highest since March this year, per provisional vas tracking information from commodity marketplace analytics steadfast Kpler.
— Riyadh had been bleeding marketplace stock successful India’s lipid import handbasket owed to the comparatively higher terms of its lipid than the competing crude grades from different large suppliers—Russia and Iraq. In fact, successful June, India’s Saudi Arabian lipid imports had crashed to a multi-year debased of 0.42 cardinal bpd.
— Riyadh present appears to beryllium making an effort to triumph backmost portion of its mislaid marketplace stock by offering its lipid astatine a little price. Market participants expect import volumes from Saudi Arabia to emergence further successful the coming months, truthful agelong arsenic Riyadh is capable to support its barrels competitory for price-sensitive Indian refiners.
— According to sources successful India’s refining sector, if Saudi Arabia gets much assertive successful its effort to summation marketplace stock successful India, Indian refiners basal to summation arsenic it would pb to accrued contention among suppliers. This could unit different large suppliers similar Russia and Iraq to connection amended prices to Indian buyers.
— India’s import of Russian crude roseate 6.4 per cent implicit August to 1.88 cardinal bpd, accounting for a staggering 40.2 per cent of New Delhi’s wide crude lipid imports of 4.68 cardinal bpd successful September, which were 5 per cent higher sequentially.
— Iraq, India’s second-largest crude lipid root market, delivered 0.87 cardinal barrels per time successful September, accounting for 18.7% of New Delhi’s full lipid imports. Saudi Arabia accrued its marketplace stock to 15.5% successful September, from 11.7% successful August.
For Your Information:
— Prior to the warfare successful Ukraine, Iraq and Saudi Arabia were the apical 2 suppliers of crude lipid to India. But arsenic the West started weaning itself disconnected Russian vigor supplies pursuing Moscow’s February 2022 penetration of Ukraine, Russia started offering discounts connected its crude and Indian refiners started snapping up the discounted barrels.
— As the world’s third-largest user of crude lipid with a precocious import dependency level of implicit 85 per cent, India is highly delicate to lipid prices.
Points to Ponder:
— What is the presumption of India’s lipid imports?
— Which state is the biggest supplier of crude lipid to India?
— What are the geopolitical factors that are influencing petroleum prices successful the satellite today?
— Over-dependence connected crude lipid tin interaction India’s vigor security. Discuss.
(Thought Process: Diversification of sources, Reducing import dependence – expanding home production, usage of bio-fuel, electrical vehicles, greenish hydrogen and different renewable energy. Looking for routes and state sources which person little geo-political tensions and tin beryllium economical)
Post Read Question:
(4) The apical lipid importing state for India arsenic of September 2024:
(a) Saudi Arabia
(b) Russia
(c) Iraq
(d) UAE
.png "indianexpress.")
.png "khaleejtimes")
.png "arabnews")
.png "gulfnews"){kind=logo}
English (US) · 
Hindi (IN) ·