12 hours ago
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South Korea President declares martial law, Parliament gets it lifted hours later
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Main Examination: General Studies II: Effect of policies and authorities of developed and processing countries connected India’s interests
What’s the ongoing story: South Korea lawmakers connected Wednesday (December 4) person called for President Yook Suk Seol to measurement down oregon look impeachment. This comes a time aft his astonishment declaration of “emergency martial law”, lone to reverse the determination hours later.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Define martial instrumentality and explicate its implications connected civilian governance and ineligible processes.
• What does Article 77 of the Republic of Korea’s Constitution accidental astir the declaration of martial law?
• Under what circumstances tin martial instrumentality beryllium declared successful South Korea?
• How galore times has martial instrumentality been declared successful South Korea since its establishment, and erstwhile was it past declared?
• Compare the existent declaration of martial instrumentality with its erstwhile instances successful South Korea’s history.
• Discuss the value of the Korean War successful shaping South Korea’s modern governmental and ineligible framework.
• Martial Law successful South Korea vs The Emergency proviso successful India-Compare and Contrast
• How did the planetary assemblage respond to South Korea’s declaration of martial law?
• How does South Korea’s acquisition with martial instrumentality comparison to akin instances successful different antiauthoritarian countries?
Key Takeaways:
• In an unannounced tv code precocious connected Tuesday night, the President accused the absorption of sympathising with North Korea and paralysing the authorities with anti-state activities.
• South Korea’s Yonhap News Agency cited the subject arsenic saying activities by parliament and governmental parties would beryllium banned, and that media and publishers would beryllium nether the power of the martial instrumentality command. The quality bureau besides reported that MPs are not being allowed to entree the premises of the National Assembly successful Seoul.
• Since the latest National Assembly elections held earlier this twelvemonth delivered a landslide verdict for the opposition, Yoon has efficaciously been a lame duck president. He has not been capable to walk the laws helium wants, and has alternatively been reduced to vetoing bills passed by the opposition. This is what helium was referring to erstwhile helium spoke astir the absorption having “paralysed authorities affairs”.
• In caller weeks, Yoon’s blimpish People Power Party had been locked successful an impasse with the wide absorption Democratic Party implicit adjacent year’s budget bill. Simultaneously, the absorption has besides moved to impeach 3 apical prosecutors successful what Yoon has described arsenic a vendetta against their transgression probe connected Lee Jae-myung, who narrowly mislaid the statesmanlike predetermination successful 2022 but is favourite to triumph the adjacent clip astir successful 2027.
Do You Know:
• Martial instrumentality is the replacement of civilian authorities by subject rule, and the suspension of civilian ineligible processes for subject ones. Standard civilian liberties whitethorn beryllium suspended for arsenic agelong arsenic martial instrumentality continues.
• Article 77 of the Republic of Korea’s constitution contains provisions pertaining to the declaration of martial instrumentality successful the country. It says: “When it is required to header with a subject necessity oregon to support the nationalist information and bid by mobilization of the subject forces successful clip of war, equipped struggle oregon akin nationalist emergency, the President whitethorn proclaim martial instrumentality arsenic prescribed by law.”
• “Under bonzer martial law, peculiar measures whitethorn beryllium taken with respect to the necessity for warrants, state of speech, the press, assembly and association, oregon the powers of the Executive and the Judiciary nether the conditions arsenic prescribed by law,” Article 77 further says.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Martial instrumentality lifted successful South Korea: What happens next?
📍Why South Korea President has declared ‘emergency martial law’, what this means
Practice UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
1. Which of the pursuing events led to the impeachment proceedings against South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol?
A) Allegations of corruption
B) Declaration of martial law
C) Economic downturn
D) Diplomatic tensions with North Korea
FRONT PAGE
Disengagement over, ties with China looking up: Jaishankar
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Mains Examination: General Studies II: Bilateral, determination and planetary groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
What’s the ongoing story: IN HIS archetypal connection to Parliament since India and China reached an statement successful October connected patrolling arrangements successful the Depsang Plains and Demchok — 2 friction points on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) — External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar said connected Tuesday that the “conclusion of disengagement” has acceptable Delhi-Beijing ties “in the absorption of immoderate improvement”.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What are the 2 regions on the LAC wherever India and China precocious reached disengagement agreements?
• What is the adjacent precedence for India aft achieving disengagement successful Eastern Ladakh?
• Critically analyse the 5 aspects of India-China borderline disengagement arsenic outlined by External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar. How bash these developments interaction the bilateral relationship?
• Discuss the relation of multilateral platforms specified arsenic the BRICS and G20 Summits successful facilitating diplomatic engagement betwixt India and China.
• To what grade multilateral platforms specified arsenic the BRICS and G20 Summits lend to resolving borderline disputes?
• Evaluate the 3 principles outlined by India—respect for the LAC, nary unilateral alterations to the presumption quo, and adherence to erstwhile agreements—in managing the borderline quality with China. How captious are these principles for semipermanent stability?
• Examine the parliamentary procedures followed during the treatment of the India-China borderline contented successful Lok Sabha. How bash specified debates lend to transparency and accountability successful overseas policy?
• India’s imports from China person accrued contempt tensions on the LAC. Analyse the implications of this inclination connected India’s strategical autonomy and bilateral relations with China.
Key Takeaways:
• India and China reached an statement successful October 2023 to disengage astatine the Depsang Plains and Demchok, areas on the Line of Actual Control (LAC). External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar noted that these developments awesome a affirmative absorption for improving India-China relations.
• The statement was achieved aft extended negotiations since September 2022, involving some diplomatic and subject discussions. The Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) and Senior Highest Military Commander (SHMC) talks played cardinal roles successful resolving disputes.
• Following disengagement, the absorption volition displacement to reducing unit deployments on the LAC. Special Representatives and Foreign Secretary-level mechanisms volition convene to sermon broader bound issues.
• External Minister highlighted the series of events and steps taken to code the borderline standoff. The Opposition raised questions astir the summation successful imports from China and sought opportunities to supply suggestions during the parliamentary session.
Do You Know:
• Given the imaginable for clashes, 5 large agreements were signed betwixt India and China to guarantee bid connected the border.
—The archetypal 1 connected ‘Maintenance of Peace and Tranquillity on the LAC’ was signed successful 1993, which formed the ground for the consequent agreements.
— In 1996, a follow-up statement connected ‘Confidence Building Measures’ on the LAC was inked, denouncing usage of unit oregon engaging successful hostile activities.
— In the 2005 Agreement, ‘standard operating procedures’ were laid down to obviate patrol clashes.
—The Agreement of 2012 acceptable retired a process for consultation and cooperation.
— The ‘Border Defence Cooperation Agreement’ was signed successful 2013 arsenic a sequel to the Depsang intrusion by the PLA. Its accent was connected enhancing borderline practice and exercising maximum restraint successful lawsuit of ‘face-to-face’ situations. Wherever determination was a quality of perceptions successful disputed areas termed arsenic ‘grey zones’, some sides could patrol up to the perceived line, but were not to undertake immoderate build-up.
• “Recent developments that bespeak our continuous diplomatic engagement… person acceptable our ties successful the absorption of immoderate improvement,” Jaishankar said successful a elaborate connection successful Lok Sabha.
• In his statement, Jaishankar gave an relationship of the inheritance to the existent borderline situation, with the series of events, the discourse of the Indian effect and the Galwan clashes, the borderline infrastructure build-up, and the counter-deployment by the forces.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
In 3-yr PLI push, phones, pharma, nutrient predominate caller jobs creation
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Mains Examination: General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, improvement and employment.
What’s the ongoing story: The Government’s flagship Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to boost home manufacturing has been a mixed container truthful acold successful presumption of occupation creation. A banal taking of the PLI schemes based connected information obtained nether the Right to Information (RTI) Act reveals that sectors specified arsenic textiles and precocious chemic cells are yet to marque a mark, immoderate others specified arsenic mobile phones, nutrient processing and pharma person done precise well, and immoderate similar auto, IT hardware and specialty alloy are dilatory to summation momentum.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Discuss the objectives of the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) strategy and its relation successful boosting home manufacturing successful India.
• Evaluate the show of the PLI strategy successful creating employment crossed assorted sectors. Highlight the factors contributing to its successes and challenges successful implementation.
• The textile and precocious chemic compartment (ACC) sectors nether the PLI strategy person underperformed. Discuss the reasons for their dilatory advancement and suggest corrective measures.
• List the 14 sectors covered nether the PLI scheme. Which sectors person shown singular occupation instauration advancement till Nov 2024?
• Briefly picture the challenges faced by smaller entities successful gathering eligibility criteria nether the textile PLI scheme.
• “The Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) strategy is simply a transformative measurement for India’s manufacturing assemblage but requires cautious sector-specific calibration for greater impact.” Discuss.
• “While immoderate sectors nether the PLI strategy person exceeded expectations, others item systemic bottlenecks successful argumentation implementation.” Evaluate this connection with examples.
Key Takeaways:
• According to information obtained from assorted ministries by The Indian Express done abstracted Right to Information (RTI) applications, the PLI schemes person created 5.84 lakh nonstop jobs till June 2024, which is astir 36 per cent of the full 16.2 lakh nonstop jobs targeted to beryllium created implicit the adjacent 5 years oregon truthful crossed the 14 sectors.
• Just 3 sectors, nutrient processing, pharmaceuticals and mobile phones (large standard electronics manufacturing), accounted for implicit 75per cent (or 4.47 lakh) of the full jobs created (5.84 lakh). The authorities had said that the PLI strategy for the nutrient processing sector, to beryllium implemented implicit six years (2021-22 to 2026-27), would make 2.5 lakh jobs; till June 2024, it created 2.45 lakh.
• According to the RTI replies, the PLI schemes for sectors specified arsenic nutrient processing, telecom, achromatic goods, bulk drugs, and pharmaceuticals, are connected way to make the fig of jobs announced, oregon adjacent transcend the target.
Do You Know:
• Under the PLI scheme, which aims to catalyse backstage investments and heighten manufacturing capacities, the authorities provides incentives to companies based connected incremental sales. Since the strategy was archetypal announced successful April 2020, it covers arsenic connected day to 14 sectors: textiles, precocious chemic compartment (ACC), star modules, car and car components, IT hardware, specialty steel, mobile phones, telecom, aesculapian devices, achromatic goods, pharmaceuticals, nutrient processing, drones, and cause intermediates and progressive pharmaceutical ingredients.
• Till March 2024, the PLI outlay for these 14 sectors added up to Rs 1.97 lakh crore, and the strategy attracted arsenic galore arsenic 755 palmy applicants including micro, tiny and mean enterprises (MSMEs), and backstage investments of Rs 1.23 lakh crore.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Why immoderate PLI schemes are successful the dilatory lane; what govt is doing astir it
Previous Year UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
2. Consider, the pursuing statements : (2023)
Statement-I : India accounts for 3.2% of planetary export of goods.
Statement-II : Many section companies and immoderate overseas companies operating successful India person taken vantage of India’s ‘Production-linked Incentive’ scheme.
Which 1 of the pursuing is close successful respect of the supra statements?
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are close and Statement-II is the close mentation for Statement-I
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are close and Statement-II is not the close mentation for Statement-I
(c) Statement-I is close but Statement-II is incorrect
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
IN PARLIAMENT
RS passes Bill to streamline exploration of oil, state done dependable vote
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development
Main Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation.
What’s the ongoing story: The Rajya Sabha connected Tuesday passed done dependable ballot the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024, to streamline lipid and state exploration concern successful India and delinked petroleum operations from mining operations. It besides broadens the scope of “mineral oils” expanding it to see people occurring hydrocarbon, ember furniture methane and shale gas/oil.
Key Points to Ponder:
• The Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024-Know cardinal highlights
• Explain the superior objectives of the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024.
• How does the Bill suggest to code punishments and penalties successful the lipid and state sector?
• What are the concerns raised regarding the delinking of mining and petroleum operations?
• Discuss the value of broadening the scope of ‘mineral oils’ nether the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024.
• Critically analyse the relation of nationalist enterprises versus backstage players successful India’s earthy resources absorption arsenic highlighted during the debate.
• What does the statement connected the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill uncover astir India’s vigor argumentation priorities?
Key Takeaways:
• Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas Hardeep Puri moved the question for the Bill and it was debated for astir 3 hours earlier its transition successful the precocious House.
—In his remarks connected the request for the Bill, Puri said that the lipid and state assemblage needs streamlining for easiness of doing business, and to pull much investments successful the assemblage to conscionable the country’s vigor requirements.
—He pointed retired that determination was a ample spread betwixt the accumulation of lipid and earthy state domestically and what was consumed.
• The lipid curate said that the amendments supply a win-win assurance to home operators and overseas investors and added that it would bring argumentation stability, speedy quality solution and sharing of infrastructure.
Do You Know:
• According to the PRS, the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024 defines mineral oils to see petroleum and earthy gas. The Bill expands the explanation to include:
—any people occurring hydrocarbon,
—coal furniture methane, and
—shale gas/oil. It clarifies that mineral oils volition not see coal, lignite oregon helium.
• The Act provides for a mining lease. The lease provides for assorted activities specified arsenic exploration, prospecting, production, making merchantable, and disposal of mineral oils. Prospecting is the archetypal signifier successful the hunt for lipid and state fields, involving appraisal of imaginable petroleum accumulations crossed ample areas.
• The Bill replaces the mining lease with a petroleum lease, which besides covers akin acceptable of activities. Existing mining leases granted nether the Act volition proceed to beryllium valid.
• The Act empowers the cardinal authorities to marque Rules connected respective matters. These include:
(i) regulating the assistance of leases,
(ii) presumption and conditions of leases including the minimum and the maximum country and the play of lease,
(iii) conservation and improvement of mineral oils,
(iv) methods for producing oil, and
(v) mode of postulation of royalties, fees, and taxes.
• The Bill retains these provisions. It adds that the cardinal authorities whitethorn besides marque Rules on:
(i) merger and operation of petroleum leases,
(ii) sharing of accumulation and processing facilities,
(iii) obligations of lessees towards protecting situation and reducing emissions,
(iv) alternate mechanisms for resolving disputes successful narration to the assistance of petroleum leases.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
Previous Year UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
3. With notation to furnace oil, see the pursuing statements: (2020)
1. It is simply a merchandise of lipid refineries.
2. Some industries usage it to make power.
3. Its usage causes sulphur emissions into environment.
Which of the statements fixed supra are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development
Main Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation.
What’s the ongoing story: The statement connected the Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill successful the Lok Sabha took an unruly crook connected Tuesday with the Treasury and the Opposition sparring implicit mentions of an under-probe businessman and 2 erstwhile PMs.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024-Know cardinal highlights
• Discuss the value of the Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024, successful strengthening governance and improving lawsuit convenience successful India’s banking sector. How volition the projected changes interaction regulatory compliance and capitalist protection?
• Critically analyse the projected changes successful the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, concerning cooperative banks. How volition these amendments interaction governance and ratio successful cooperative banking?
• Examine the relation of the Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) successful safeguarding investors’ interests arsenic projected successful the Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024. Highlight the challenges associated with its implementation.
• Evaluate the connection to redefine reporting dates for banks for regulatory compliance. How does this lend to improving transparency and governance successful the banking sector?
• The Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024, proposes redefining ‘substantial interest’ for directorships. Analyse the request for specified changes successful airy of evolving fiscal realities and their imaginable interaction connected governance.
• Discuss the implications of parliamentary debates becoming unruly during the transition of important authorities similar the Banking Bill. How bash specified incidents impact legislative processes and nationalist cognition of governance?
• Evaluate the interaction of fiscal policies specified arsenic demonetisation and electoral bonds connected India’s system and governmental transparency. How bash parliamentary debates connected these issues power argumentation outcomes?
Key Takeaways:
• The changes projected done the Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024, volition fortify governance successful the assemblage and heighten lawsuit convenience, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said connected Tuesday.
• Moving the measure for information and passing successful the Lok Sabha, the Minister said a full of 19 amendments are being projected to bring changes successful the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934; the Banking Regulation Act, 1949; the State Bank of India Act, 1955; the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970; and the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980.
• With respect to cooperatives operating successful the banking space, Sitharaman said the amendments successful the Banking Regulations Act would use lone to cooperative banks, oregon the portion of the cooperatives operating arsenic banks.
• The measure proposes to summation the tenure of directors (excluding the president and whole-time director) successful cooperative banks from 8 years to 10 years, truthful arsenic to align with the Constitution (Ninety-Seventh Amendment) Act, 2011.
• Once passed, the measure would let a manager of a Central Cooperative Bank to service connected the committee of a State Cooperative Bank.
• The measure besides seeks to springiness greater state to banks successful deciding the remuneration to beryllium paid to statutory auditors.
• It besides seeks to redefine the reporting dates for banks for regulatory compliance to the 15th and past time of each period alternatively of the 2nd and 4th Fridays.
Do You Know:
• The measure proposes to let a slope relationship holder to person up to 4 nominees successful his/her account.
• The measure besides seeks to transportation unclaimed dividends, shares, and involvement oregon redemption of bonds to the Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF), allowing individuals to assertion transfers oregon refunds from the fund, frankincense safeguarding investors’ interests.
• As the banking assemblage has evolved implicit the years and with a presumption to improving slope governance and capitalist protection, it has go indispensable to marque definite amendments to 5 Acts, according to a connection of Objects and Reasons of the Bill.
• The projected measure seeks to amended governance standards, supply consistency successful reporting by banks to the Reserve Bank of India, guarantee amended extortion for depositors and investors, amended audit prime successful nationalist assemblage banks, bring lawsuit convenience successful respect of nominations, and supply an summation successful the tenure of directors successful co-operative banks.
• Another projected alteration relates to redefining ‘substantial interest’ for directorships, which could summation to Rs 2 crore alternatively of the existent bounds of Rs 5 lakh, which was fixed astir six decades ago.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
Practice UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
4. Consider the pursuing statements astir the Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024:
1. It allows up to 4 nominees successful a azygous slope account.
2. It increases the tenure of directors successful cooperative banks from 8 to 10 years.
3. It proposes to redefine ‘substantial interest’ for directorships to Rs 2 crore.
Which of the supra statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1, 2, and 3
D) None of the above
GOVT & POLITICS
Govt has agreed to 95% section quota successful jobs: Ladakh leaders
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Main Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation.
What’s the ongoing story: Over a twelvemonth aft the Union Ministry of Home Affairs constituted a High Powered Committee (HPC) to code the concerns of the radical of Ladakh, representatives from the portion met with the Minister of State for Home Affairs Nityanand Rai successful New Delhi connected Tuesday.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Discuss the value of reserving 95% of authorities jobs for locals successful Ladakh. How does this argumentation align with the aspirations of determination autonomy and section empowerment?
• Analyse the challenges and implications of implementing a domicile-based preservation strategy successful authorities recruitment, utilizing Ladakh arsenic a lawsuit study.
• Examine the socio-economic and governmental factors that led to the request for section occupation quotas successful Ladakh.
• Critically measure the Centre’s determination to hold to the request for a 95% occupation quota for locals successful Ladakh. How mightiness this interaction governance and administrative ratio successful the region?
• Compare Ladakh’s request for section occupation quotas with akin policies successful different states oregon national territories. What lessons tin Ladakh larn from these precedents?
• Analyze however a 95% occupation quota for locals could impact the younker unemployment complaint successful Ladakh.
• Discuss its implications for inter-state migration and workforce mobility successful the region.
• Compare Ladakh’s section occupation preservation request with Article 371 provisions successful north-eastern states. What are the similarities and differences successful their objectives and implementation?
• “Regional aspirations and section autonomy are cardinal to India’s national structure, but they indispensable equilibrium with the principles of meritocracy and nationalist integration.” Discuss with notation to the 95% occupation quota for locals successful Ladakh.
• “Economic improvement successful a portion similar Ladakh requires a premix of affirmative enactment and structural reforms.” Evaluate this connection successful the discourse of the caller occupation preservation policy.
Key Takeaways:
• Members of Apex Body Leh (ABL) and Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA) – the 2 organisations starring the question for statehood and different demands – met the curate astatine North Block. This reservation, according to those who attended the meeting, extends to some gazetted and non-gazetted posts successful the region.
• Former Ladakh MP and ABL person Thupstan Chhewang, who is besides portion of the HPC, said, “The gathering took spot successful a cordial atmosphere, and an important measurement has been taken successful resolving the issues of the radical of Ladakh. We person a steadfast committedness from the authorities connected recruitment and they person said that this volition statesman wrong the adjacent 3 months.”
• In January 2023, aft months of agitations wrong and extracurricular Ladakh, the J&K and Ladakh Division of the MHA issued an bid constituting the HPC to sermon measures to support Ladakh’s “unique civilization and language”, considering its geographical determination and strategical importance.
• The HPC’s mandate includes “ensuring the extortion of onshore and employment for the radical of Ladakh.”
• However, with differences implicit the constitution and the docket of the HPC, the representatives held their archetypal gathering with the MHA successful December 2023. After 4 rounds of discussions, talks broke down successful March this year, with the ABL and the KDA remaining steadfast connected their four-point agenda.
Do You Know:
• Articles 371 and 371-A done J supply “special provisions” for circumstantial states, often to springiness practice to definite spiritual and societal groups and to let these groups to workout autonomy implicit their affairs without interference from the authorities and cardinal governments.
• Special provisions nether Article 371 would let protections to beryllium extended to the section colonisation of Ladakh, portion stopping abbreviated of the wide autonomy that is provided to ADCs and ARCs nether the Sixth Schedule.
• When the Constitution archetypal came into force, Article 371 stood alone, requiring the instauration of “development boards” successful Maharashtra and Gujarat for definite regions successful bid to measure their wide improvement and the request for authorities expenditure. As caller states were created, much peculiar provisions were introduced.
• Following the repeal of Article 370 successful August 2019 and the consequent enactment of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019,
Ladakh has been recognised arsenic a abstracted Union Territory “without legislature”. UTs similar New Delhi and Pondicherry person their ain Legislative Assemblies.
• Ever since the separation, organisations similar the ABL and the KDA person demanded that Ladakh beryllium included nether the Sixth Schedule. This Schedule contains provisions regarding the medication of tribal areas successful the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
• Inclusion nether this Schedule would let Ladakh to make Autonomous District and Regional Councils (ADCs and ARCs) — elected bodies with the powerfulness to administrate tribal areas. This would see the powerfulness to marque laws connected subjects specified arsenic wood management, agriculture, medication of villages and towns, inheritance, marriage, divorcement and societal customs. A bulk of the colonisation successful Ladakh belongs to Scheduled Tribes.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Understanding regionalism: India’s attack to managing divers identities
Practice UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
5. Which nonfiction of the Constitution allows for peculiar provisions for states oregon regions similar Ladakh?
a) Article 370
b) Article 371
c) Article 15(4)
d) Article 16(4)
THE EDITORIAL PAGE
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development
Main Examination: General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, improvement and employment.
What’s the ongoing story: Ashima Goyal Writes: The 2nd 4th GDP numbers person travel successful arsenic a astonishment to astir everyone. But they are accordant with a fig of economical signals that were mostly neglected. High frequence indicators person been pointing to a manufacturing slowdown for rather immoderate clip now.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Explain however precocious existent argumentation rates person impacted durable depletion request successful India.
• What relation did counter-cyclical macroeconomic policies play successful India’s post-pandemic economical recovery?
• What structural reforms are recommended to trim short-term pressures connected nutrient inflation?
• Describe the narration betwixt monetary argumentation lags and the effectiveness of ostentation targeting.
• Why is determination a request for monetary-fiscal coordination successful addressing existent economical challenges?
• The nonfiction mentions antagonistic import maturation and treasury income penchant by firms. What does this bespeak astir firms’ concern behaviour and economical expectations?
• With ostentation targeting being a cardinal monetary argumentation tool, however does flexibility successful this model assistance negociate transient proviso shocks?
• Discuss the implications of precocious slope involvement margins successful India connected monetary transmission and economical growth.
Key Takeaways:
• High-frequency indicators person shown signs of a manufacturing slowdown. High existent argumentation rates, akin to the 2010s, person contributed to the decline, impacting interest-sensitive sectors similar manufacturing and construction. Firms prioritized treasury income implicit capableness expansion, and import maturation turned negative.
• High involvement rates impacted Indian durable consumption, particularly among first-time location buyers. Real argumentation rates supra unity and precocious spreads triggered a slowdown successful cardinal sectors.
• Post-pandemic economical betterment was supported by counter-cyclical policies addressing outer shocks. A deficiency of boost to home request successful effect to falling export maturation highlighted argumentation gaps. Tightening each macroeconomic argumentation levers simultaneously, including authorities spending and monetary policy, worsened the slowdown.
• Growth slowdown is seen arsenic cyclical, not structural, contradicting concerns astir the K-shaped recovery. Private depletion grew by 6% and authorities depletion by 4.4%, with robust work assemblage performance.
• Inflation spikes were attributed to seasonal effects (e.g., vegetables) and are expected to normalize with bully monsoons and falling edible lipid prices. Indian ostentation targeting allows flexibility to accommodate transient proviso shocks, emphasizing the request for a argumentation complaint cut.
• Strong coordination contributed to precocious post-pandemic maturation but showed signs of fraying recently. Divergences see monetary policy’s caution against nutrient ostentation and authorities efforts to enactment farmers with higher prices.
• Shifting user request to non-grain nutrient items requires restructuring cultivation policies. Removing middlemen successful nutrient proviso chains and promoting backstage information successful rootlike markets tin stabilize prices and payment some farmers and consumers.
• Monetary argumentation should enactment swiftly, fixed its lagging effects connected the economy. Long-term reforms successful agriculture and nutrient proviso chains
are needed to mitigate inflationary pressures. Banks and regulators should alteration effectual complaint cuts to foster concern and consumption.
Do You Know:
• Real argumentation rates persistently higher than unity trigger a slowdown particularly arsenic spreads stay high. Manufacturing and construction, the astir involvement delicate components, amusement the largest maturation slowdown. Stocks were not being built up, adjacent earlier the expected emergence successful seasonal sales. Import maturation was really negative. Firms preferred earning treasury income from ample currency piles to expanding capacity.
• Counter-cyclical macroeconomic argumentation that smoothened outer shocks had a ample relation successful the economy’s bully post-pandemic performance. But home argumentation successful the archetypal fractional did not antagonistic falling export maturation with a boost to home demand.
• For a agelong clip forecasts person shown ostentation falling towards the 4 per cent target, implying that expected existent rates were precise high, with spreads aggravated by choky liquidity. The existent ostentation spike is owed to vegetables and seasonal effects, which are apt to reverse with the bully monsoon, a abbreviated cropping rhythm and falling edible lipid import prices. Indian ostentation targeting is flexible precisely to springiness country to look done transient proviso shocks. A argumentation complaint chopped is agelong overdue.
• Good monetary-fiscal coordination was different captious contributing origin successful the post-pandemic precocious growth. There are signs of this fraying successful the past fewer months, with the authorities keen to springiness precocious prices to farmers and monetary argumentation wary of precocious nutrient inflation.
• Banks don’t privation rates chopped due to the fact that they fearfulness they whitethorn not beryllium capable to walk them connected to depositors. But Indian slope involvement margins are among the highest globally and request to travel down. The ample profits made successful the complaint emergence rhythm tin beryllium utilized to restructure. Regulators person to spot done peculiar involvement groups and enactment successful the nationalist interest.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Everyday Economics: What is the RBI’s MPC, and what does it do?
Previous Year UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
6. Concerning the Indian economy, see the following: (2015)
1. Bank rate
2. Open marketplace operations
3. Public debt
4. Public revenue
Which of the supra is/are component/ components of Monetary Policy?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 1, 3 and 4
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Mains Examination: General Studies III: Awareness successful the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intelligence spot rights.
What’s the ongoing story: A caller petition filed by a instrumentality pupil earlier the Punjab and Haryana High Court against a backstage assemblage for failing him successful a people raises important questions regarding generative AI (GenAI) usage successful academia and research.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Discuss the ethical challenges posed by the usage of Generative AI (GenAI) successful academia and research. How bash they impact the goals of education?
• Critically measure the relation of quality involution successful determining world malpractice involving AI tools. Why is it indispensable to impact taxable experts successful specified cases?
• What relation should regulatory authorities similar UGC and AICTE play successful addressing the challenges posed by Generative AI successful acquisition and research?
• Propose a model for world institutions to integrate AI tools into their valuation processes portion ensuring fairness and world integrity.
• A assemblage penalizes a pupil for utilizing AI-generated worldly successful an exam without factual evidence. What principles of earthy justness were apt violated successful this scenario? Discuss with examples.
• What is the value of “version history” tools successful resolving disputes implicit AI-generated contented successful academia?
• How does Generative AI situation the accepted modes of world evaluation?
Key Takeaways:
• A instrumentality pupil challenged a university’s determination to neglect him for utilizing AI-generated worldly successful an examination. The assemblage aboriginal passed the student, and the Punjab and Haryana High Court disposed of the petition.
• The lawsuit highlights ethical and world challenges posed by generative AI (GenAI) successful acquisition and research. Institutions are grappling with balancing GenAI’s benefits, specified arsenic enriched learning, and its imaginable misuse.
• Many institutions proceed accepted valuation methods, ignoring the increasing interaction of GenAI.
Some institutions trust heavy connected AI detection tools, which often person mendacious affirmative rates and constricted reliability erstwhile quality modifications are involved.
• AI detection tools enactment connected probabilistic assessments and are much prone to errors erstwhile AI-generated contented is edited. Decisions connected world malpractice should trust much connected subject-area experts than solely connected machine-generated reports.
• Institutions indispensable found wide guidelines connected permissible AI assistance, distinguishing betwixt acceptable uses (e.g., connection correction) and misuse. Regular dialogues wrong institutions tin assistance make discipline-specific policies.
• Supplementing written submissions with oral examinations tin guarantee a much holistic campaigner evaluation. Faculty workload readying indispensable relationship for the accrued effort required for specified assessments.
• Students and researchers should disclose the AI tools utilized and their purposes. Maintaining records of drafts, specified arsenic mentation histories successful connection processors, tin supply transparency successful authorship.
• Bodies similar UGC and AICTE should facilitate these transformations by mounting standards and supporting institutions successful their implementation.
• The “publish-or-perish” civilization successful academia promotes quantity implicit quality, incentivizing imaginable misuse of AI tools. There is simply a request to research alternate technological connection and valuation methods that prioritize quality.
• Reforms successful inducement structures, world appraisal methods, and organization policies are indispensable to equilibrium the opportunities and challenges posed by GenAI. Institutions indispensable integrate GenAI into academia responsibly portion maintaining the integrity of acquisition and research.
Do You Know:
• The effect from galore Indian institutions to this situation has, unfortunately, been acold from satisfactory. A important chunk of institutions continues to proceed with accepted modes of evaluation, arsenic if thing has changed. Some institutions that are acrophobic astir excellence successful acquisition and probe person gone to the different utmost to trust heavy connected technology. Many indiscreetly usage AI detection tools similar Turnitin AI Detector to penalise students and researchers.
• As galore technological studies person pointed out, mendacious affirmative rates are a substance of interest with respect to astir AI detection tools. These tools run connected probabilistic assessments and their reliability substantially goes down erstwhile quality involution modifies an AI-generated draft.
• A constructive starting constituent for addressing the existent GenAI situation could beryllium opening dialogues wrong institutions connected what constitutes permissible AI assistance, and what is not. This clarity is important, arsenic AI tools are progressively getting integrated to wide utilized connection processors – usage of AI tools for connection correction, for example. Without wide guidelines, students and researchers whitethorn inadvertently perpetrate mistakes. Institution-level dialogues tin pb to some wide and discipline-specific guidelines.
• It is besides important for argumentation makers to revisit the inducement structures wrong academia and research, peculiarly the relentless absorption connected publications that promotes a publish-or-perish culture.
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📍What is Generative AI, the exertion down OpenAI’s ChatGPT?
Previous Year UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
7. With the contiguous authorities of development, Artificial Intelligence tin efficaciously bash which of the following? (2020)
1. Bring down energy depletion successful concern units
2. Create meaningful abbreviated stories and songs
3. Disease diagnosis
4. Text-to-Speech Conversion
5. Wireless transmission of electrical energy
Select the close reply utilizing the codification fixed below:
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
EXPLAINED
ICJ begins proceeding connected clime alteration case: Why is this significant?
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: General issues connected Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that bash not necessitate taxable specialization.
Main Examination:
• General Studies II: Effect of policies and authorities of developed and processing countries connected India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
• General Studies III: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment.
What’s the ongoing story: The precocious concluded yearly clime talks successful Baku, Azerbaijan, ended successful disappointment for the processing countries. The main statement negotiated astatine this league promised to mobilise conscionable $300 cardinal a twelvemonth successful clime concern for the processing countries, acold little than the $1.3 trillion a twelvemonth they had been demanding successful enactment with their requirements assessed by respective studies.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Explain the value of Vanuatu’s inaugural to question ICJ’s advisory sentiment connected clime change.
• How does the reluctance of developed nations to conscionable clime concern obligations interaction the resilience of tiny land states?
• A landmark lawsuit concerning clime alteration has been brought earlier the International Court of Justice (ICJ) by tiny land nations fearing the interaction of rising oversea levels-Discuss the value of this case
• Analyse the relation of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) successful addressing transnational biology issues specified arsenic clime change.
• ‘Climate alteration is simply a planetary contented that disproportionately affects tiny land nations and low-lying coastal areas’-Attest the connection by giving immoderate examples
• Critically analyse the principles of clime justness and the imaginable for planetary ineligible frameworks to supply remedies successful the discourse of rising oversea levels and the biology threat
• Small land nations person argued for the designation of their close to endurance owed to the existential menace posed by rising oversea levels. In this regard, measure the effectiveness of planetary treaties similar the Paris Agreement successful safeguarding the rights of susceptible nations.
• The conception of ‘climate refugees’ has go progressively important successful planetary discussions connected biology displacement. How tin planetary ineligible systems code the contented of displaced populations owed to clime change, particularly for land nations?
Key Takeaways:
• The two-week hearings astatine ICJ would effect successful lone an advisory opinion, arsenic sought by the UNGA resolution. But it could person far-reaching ramifications.
• The UNFCCC defines the clime obligations of countries based connected their stock of humanities emissions. A radical of astir 40 affluent and developed countries, which had the maximum stock of humanities emissions till then, were held chiefly liable for causing clime change. These countries were asked to trim their emissions, and besides assistance the processing nations, done proviso of concern and technology, successful warring clime change.
• The ICJ ruling tin perchance amusement that the obligations of the developed nations stem not conscionable from the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, but besides from respective different planetary ineligible frameworks. This tin go a caller statement successful the clime negotiations. More importantly, defining the ineligible consequences for clime alteration tin person implications for demands of tiny land states that they beryllium compensated for the harm caused by clime change.
Do You Know:
• The lawsuit results from a solution passed by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) successful March past year, astatine the inaugural of Vanuatu, a tiny state successful the Pacific Ocean located astir 2,000 km northeast of Australia. Like respective different tiny land states, Vanuatu is 1 of the astir susceptible countries, with its beingness threatened by rising oversea levels.
• Vanuatu moved a connection seeking an advisory sentiment of the ICJ connected clime alteration successful September, 2021. It received enactment from a ample fig of countries, and yet the UNGA, successful March past year, adopted the solution that was co-sponsored by 132 countries.
• The solution seeks answers to 2 circumstantial questions. One, what are the obligations of the countries nether planetary laws to support the clime system. Two, what are the ineligible consequences nether these obligations for countries that person caused harm to this clime system.
• Although the 1994 UN Framework Convention connected Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 2015 Paris Agreement are the 2 planetary laws that woody exclusively with clime change, determination are respective different ineligible instruments which are applicable to the issue. These see the UN Convention connected the Law of the Seas, the Convention connected Biological Diversity, the Convention to Combat Desertification, the Universal Declaration connected Human Rights, the International Covenant connected Civil and Political Rights and the UN Charter itself.
• The UNGA solution has sought the ICJ sentiment connected the clime obligations of countries successful airy of these, and different related, planetary laws.
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Previous Year UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
8. With notation to the Agreement astatine the UNFCCC Meeting successful Paris successful 2015, which of the pursuing statements is/are correct? (2016)
1. The Agreement was signed by each the subordinate countries of the UN, and it volition spell into effect successful 2017.
2. The Agreement aims to bounds the greenhouse state emissions truthful that the emergence successful mean planetary somesthesia by the extremity of this period does not transcend 2ºC oregon adjacent 1.5ºC supra pre-industrial levels.
3. Developed countries acknowledged their humanities work successful planetary warming and committed to donate $ 1000 cardinal a twelvemonth from 2020 to assistance processing countries to header with clime change.
Select the close reply utilizing the codification fixed below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
What United Kingdom’s assisted dying Bill says, however it compares to Indian law
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance
Main Examination: General Studies II: Effect of policies and authorities of developed and processing countries connected India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
What’s the ongoing story: The House of Commons connected November 29 voted successful favour of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill. In what was a “free vote”, MPs were permitted to ballot according to their conscience alternatively of pursuing the enactment line. Eventually, the Bill was backed by a bulk of 330 to 275, with 38 MPs not voting.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Discuss the ethical and ineligible challenges surrounding the instauration of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill successful the UK.
• Compare the concepts of “passive euthanasia” arsenic recognized successful India with the “assisted dying” projected successful the UK. Highlight the ineligible and ethical distinctions.
• What measures tin Indian policymakers larn from the UK’s Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill to amended the implementation of passive euthanasia guidelines?
• What are the cardinal safeguards successful the UK’s Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill to forestall misuse?
• Discuss the societal, legal, and ethical considerations influencing the authorities connected assisted dying successful some countries.
• How does the conception of “right to dice with dignity” align with planetary quality rights frameworks?
Key Takeaways:
• The Bill allows terminally sick patients — those with small to nary anticipation of betterment from fatal illnesses — to petition assistance to extremity their ain life. The Bill volition present beryllium sent to a “public measure committee” which volition ballot connected immoderate projected amendments earlier being voted connected again successful the House of Commons. It volition past beryllium sent to the House of Lords, wherever further changes could beryllium made, earlier a last ballot is held.
• A idiosyncratic making an assisted dying petition indispensable motion a “first declaration” successful the beingness of a “coordinating doctor” — a qualified doc consenting to supply specified assistance — and different person. The coordinating doc volition past marque a “first assessment” to marque definite that the diligent meets the qualifications to marque a petition for assisted dying, and has done truthful voluntarily. If the doc is satisfied that each these conditions person been met, they volition notation the petition to a 2nd “independent docto”’ who volition marque the aforesaid determination aft an astatine slightest seven-day-long “first play of reflection”.
Do You Know:
• Assisted dying is the process by which a diligent tin extremity their ain beingness with the assistance of a doctor. Euthanasia involves much progressive engagement of the doc to extremity the beingness of a terminally sick patient. As things stand, the instrumentality successful the UK does not licence immoderate signifier of assisted dying oregon euthanasia, with “assisted suicide” being an offence punishable with up to 14 years successful prison.
• Since 2013, astatine slightest 3 bills person been introduced to let assisted dying successful the UK. In caller years, the state has seen a analyzable and polarised statement rage connected the issue.
• Proponents reason that for terminally sick patients, end-of-life attraction often offers precise small successful presumption of symptom and grounds management.
They assertion that a instrumentality for assisted dying would springiness the diligent a grade of power by allowing them to take erstwhile to extremity their ain suffering successful a humane way. They assertion that a instrumentality would deter radical from dying by suicide, oregon pushing their loved ones to assistance with suicide.
• At the outset, the Bill says that lone a terminally sick idiosyncratic supra the property of 18 and with the intelligence “capacity” to marque specified a determination tin petition assisted dying. It besides says that the diligent indispensable beryllium registered, and residing successful England oregon Wales for 12 months earlier the request.
• The Bill defines a terminally sick idiosyncratic arsenic idiosyncratic who has a worsening illness, illness oregon aesculapian information that “cannot beryllium reversed by treatment”, and volition effect successful a decease that tin “reasonably beryllium expected wrong 6 months”. It besides explicitly excludes persons with disabilities oregon “a intelligence disorder”.
• In 2018, the Supreme Court of India held that the “right to dice with dignity” formed a portion of the close to beingness with dignity nether Article 21 of the Constitution of India, and recognised the legality of “passive euthanasia” — the withdrawal of beingness enactment from terminally sick patients oregon patients successful a “permanent vegetative state”. This allows the diligent to dice a earthy decease successful the lack of aesculapian interventions, arsenic opposed to the assisted dying measure which gives patients a much progressive relation successful choosing erstwhile to die.
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| PRELIMS ANSWER KEY |
| 1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (C) 5. (b) 6. (C) 7.(b) 8.(b) |
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