UPSC Key: PAN 2.0, One Nation One Subscription and Preamble of the Indian Constitution

Cabinet clears PAN 2.0, paper to diagnostic QR code

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation.

What’s the ongoing story: An upgrade of existing Permanent Account Number (PAN) with an further diagnostic of QR codification connected the cards on with a connection to marque PAN “the communal identifier for businesses” was approved by the Union Cabinet connected Monday.

Key Points to Ponder:

• PAN and PAN 2.0-Compare and Contrast

• Examine the relation of PAN successful integrating fiscal systems and promoting integer governance successful India.

• Explain the value of the Permanent Account Number (PAN) successful ensuring fiscal transparency?

• How Permanent Account Number (PAN) helps successful curbing taxation evasion successful India?

• What is the superior intent of incorporating a QR codification into the caller PAN 2.0 cards?

• Evaluate the imaginable challenges that whitethorn originate with the implementation of PAN 2.0 featuring QR codes. Suggest measures to code these challenges effectively.

• Analyze the interaction of technological advancements, specified arsenic the instauration of QR codes successful PAN cards, connected the transparency and accountability of fiscal systems successful India.

• How does mandatory PAN linkage for high-value transactions assistance successful promoting accountability and reducing unethical practices similar wealth laundering? Discuss with examples.

Key Takeaways:

• The Cabinet approved the PAN 2.0 Project of the Income Tax Department, with a outgo of Rs 1,435 crore, nether which the existing strategy volition beryllium upgraded completely, the integer backbone volition beryllium revamped and PAN volition beryllium made arsenic a communal concern identifier for each integer systems of specified authorities agencies, Information and Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw said during the Cabinet briefing.

• The upgrade for existing PAN holders volition beryllium escaped of cost.

• The PAN 2.0 task volition alteration technology-driven translation of payer registration services with an purpose to amended easiness of entree and work delivery, an authoritative connection said.

• The PAN 2.0 task proposes to marque PAN arsenic the “single root of information and information consistency” and with information and optimisation of infrastructure for greater agility, a connection said.

• The PAN 2.0 is simply a e-governance task for re-engineering the concern processes of payer registration services done translation of PAN/TAN services, the connection said.

Do You Know:

• The PAN 2.0 Project of the Income Tax Department, with a fiscal accusation of Rs 1,435 crore, was approved by the Union Cabinet connected Monday.
—Under the project, the existing PAN strategy volition beryllium upgraded completely, the IT backbone volition beryllium revamped and PAN volition beryllium made arsenic a communal concern identifier for each integer systems of specified authorities agencies.

• Apart from the QR-code diagnostic for each caller and existing PAN cards, the PAN 2.0 task aims to acceptable up a unified portal on with a “mandatory PAN information vault system” for each entities utilizing PAN data.

• Existing users volition person the enactment to upgrade for the PAN 2.0 card. The details astir the exertion process and the timeline are yet to beryllium released by the Income Tax Department.

• The QR-code diagnostic connected caller and aged PAN cards volition mean an enhanced level of integration of fiscal transactions with the taxation department.
—The QR codification was introduced successful PAN successful 2017.
—The PAN 2.0 task intends to proceed with this diagnostic with enhancements, taxation officials said.

• A 10-digit alphanumeric number, PAN, enables the Income Tax Department to nexus each transactions of a idiosyncratic with the department.
—These transactions see taxation payments, Tax Deducted astatine Source (TDS) / Tax Collected astatine Source (TCS) credits, returns of income, specified transactions.
—PAN acts arsenic an identifier for the idiosyncratic with the taxation department.
—Once PAN is allotted, it remains the aforesaid forever. It is mandatory to punctuation PAN connected filing of income taxation return.

• TAN stands for Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number, which is simply a 10-digit alphanumeric fig issued by the Income Tax Department.
—TAN needs to beryllium obtained by each persons liable for deducting oregon collecting taxation astatine source.
—It is compulsory to punctuation TAN successful TDS/TCS return, immoderate TDS/TCS outgo challan, TDS/TCS certificates.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍PAN 2.0: What is the project, wherefore you request to upgrade your PAN card

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
1. What is the superior intent of incorporating a QR codification into the caller PAN 2.0 cards?
A) To store further idiosyncratic information.
B) To nexus PAN with mobile numbers.
C) To facilitate speedy verification and trim fraud.
D) To alteration online buying transactions.

IN PARLIAMENT

Kerala wants 8,590 sq km country arsenic eco-sensitive successful Western Ghats: Centre

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.

Mains Examination: General Studies III: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment.

What’s the ongoing story: In a revised connection sent to the Centre earlier this month, the Kerala authorities requested the declaration of 8,590.69 sq km crossed 98 villages and 12 districts arsenic ecologically delicate areas (ESAs) successful the Western Ghats. The country projected for ESA demarcation is 121 sq km smaller than what was submitted to the Centre successful May this year.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What are Eco-sensitive Zone (ESZs)?

• What is the value of Eco-sensitive Zone (ESZs)?

• Eco-Sensitive Zones are demarcated nether the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986-True oregon false?

• Map Work-Western Ghats

• In the discourse of Eco-Sensitive Zones successful India, the Gadgil and Kasturirangan Committees says what?

• Discuss the value of the Western Ghats arsenic an ecological hotspot and the challenges faced successful balancing conservation and improvement successful the region?

• Critically analyse the implications of designating ample areas arsenic Eco-Sensitive Zones successful states similar Kerala. How does this interaction section livelihoods and biodiversity?

• The Western Ghats person been astatine the centre of debates connected sustainable development. Examine the relation of argumentation frameworks similar the Gadgil and Kasturirangan reports successful shaping conservation strategies.

• “Eco-Sensitive Zones are important for the conservation of biodiversity, but they often pb to struggle with section communities.” Elaborate with notation to the caller connection by Kerala.

Key Takeaways:

• Protection of fragile villages crossed the state’s Western Ghats country has been nether the spotlight pursuing the July 30 landslides and mudslides successful Wayanad district’s Chooralmala, Mundakkai and Vellarimala, which killed implicit 400 people. The state’s draught connection connected ESAs sent successful May included 12 villages from Wayanad district, including Vellarimala.

• “The Government of Kerala has submitted revised connection connected 02.11.2024, requesting for declaring 8590.69 sq km country successful 98 villages dispersed crossed 29 talukas successful 12 districts arsenic Ecologically Sensitive Area based connected the verification of the suggestions received from the Local Self Government Department,” Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav informed Lok Sabha successful a written statement

• The Centre issued a sixth iteration of the draught notification connected the Western Ghats successful July, demarcating 56,825 sq km arsenic ESA crossed Gujarat, Goa, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.

• The villages marked arsenic ESA volition spot a implicit prohibition connected mining, quarrying, highly polluting industries, and caller thermal powerfulness plants. This draught notification was based connected the study of a high-level moving radical headed by abstraction idiosyncratic K Kasturirangan.

• After the sixth iteration of the Western Ghats draught notification was published, the Centre allowed states 60 days to taxable objections and suggestions. The adept committee has been taking up the proposals and suggestions of antithetic authorities governments.

Do You Know:

• In 2013, Kerala projected demarcating 9,993.7 sq km arsenic ESAs based connected the study of a three-member adept panel. Later, successful 2019, it submitted to the situation ministry that it should beryllium reduced to 8,656 sq km. However, the latest draught notification continued with the erstwhile iterations and marked the 9.993.7 sq km country arsenic eco-sensitive.

• As per the National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016), issued by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, onshore wrong 10 km of the boundaries of nationalist parks and wildlife sanctuaries is to beryllium notified arsenic eco-fragile zones oregon Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ).
—While the 10-km regularisation is implemented arsenic a wide principle, the grade of its exertion tin vary. Areas beyond 10-km tin besides beryllium notified by the Union authorities arsenic ESZs, if they clasp larger ecologically important “sensitive corridors.”

• According to the guidelines issued by the Environment Ministry connected February 9, 2011, ESZs are created arsenic “shock absorbers” for the protected areas, to minimize the antagonistic interaction connected the “fragile ecosystems” by definite quality activities taking spot nearby.
—These areas are meant to enactment arsenic a modulation portion from areas requiring higher extortion to those requiring lesser protection.
—The guidelines besides authorities that the ESZs are not meant to hamper the regular activities of radical surviving successful the vicinity, but are meant to defender the protected areas and “refine the situation astir them”.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍SC modifies bid connected eco-sensitive portion astir nationalist parks, sanctuaries

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
2. Gadgil Committee Report’ and ‘Kasturirangan Committee Report’, sometimes seen successful the news, are related to (UPSC CSE, 2016)
a) Constitutional reforms
b) Ganga Action Plan
c) Linking of rivers
d) Protection of Western Ghats

Centre approves caller strategy for probe journals connected 1 platform

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Issues relating to improvement and absorption of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

What’s the ongoing story: The Union Cabinet connected Monday (November 25) approved a budgetary allocation of Rs 6,000 crore for an inaugural called ‘One Nation One Subscription’ (ONOS) which the Centre hopes volition assistance India’s higher acquisition institutions (HEIs) entree world resources for the better.

Key Points to Ponder:

• ‘One Nation One Subscription’ (ONOS) scheme-Know successful detail

• How ‘One Nation One Subscription’ (ONOS) strategy volition heighten accomplishment development?

• “A centralized level for probe journals is indispensable to heighten India’s presumption successful the planetary probe ecosystem.” Critically analyse this connection successful airy of the caller strategy approved by the Centre.

• Discuss the value of making probe journals accessible to a wider audience. How does this inaugural align with India’s goals of achieving self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) successful probe and innovation?

• How ‘One Nation One Subscription’ tin assistance successful bridging the cognition disagreement betwixt agrarian and municipality acquisition institutions successful India.

• What are the challenges that could originate during the implementation of the centralized level for probe journals. Suggest measures to flooded these challenges.

• How does the ONOS strategy bespeak the principles of equity and inclusivity successful India’s acquisition policy? Suggest ways to maximize its impact.

Key Takeaways:

• The Union Cabinet connected Monday approved the ‘One Nation One Subscription’ (ONOS) scheme, which aims to centralise diary subscriptions for astir 6,300 government-run institutions, ONOS seeks to supply equitable entree to 13,000 scholarly journals nether a azygous platform.

• Access volition beryllium provided done a nationalist subscription, coordinated by the Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET), an autonomous inter-university halfway nether the University Grants Commission (UGC).

• Currently, determination are 10 abstracted room consortia nether antithetic ministries that supply entree to journals for higher acquisition institutions wrong their administrative remit. In addition, idiosyncratic institutions subscribe to journals separately.

• With ONOS, each authorities higher acquisition institutions, including universities, colleges, and institutions of nationalist importance, volition person unified entree to nationalist and planetary diary publications covering each world disciplines connected 1 platform.

• The strategy involves an outlay of ₹6,000 crore for 3 years, until 2027, and volition supply subscriptions to astir 13,000 journals published by 30 planetary publishers.

• Apart from higher acquisition institutions tally by the Centre and states, probe and improvement institutions nether the Centre volition besides beryllium included, covering astir 6,300 institutions.

• All 13,000 journals volition beryllium accessible to these institutions nether the scheme.

• INFLIBNET volition marque cardinal payments to the 30 publishers, portion institutions tin proceed to usage their ain budgets to subscribe to publishers not covered nether the scheme.

• Among the publishers included successful the strategy are Elsevier ScienceDirect, Springer Nature, Wiley Blackwell Publishing, Taylor & Francis, Sage Publishing, Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, and BMJ Journals.

• The strategy is expected to supply broader entree to probe journals for institutions that antecedently lacked capable resources. The level is acceptable to go operational connected January 1, 2025.

Do You Know:

• Currently, higher acquisition institutions (HEIs) tin entree journals done 10 antithetic room consortia which are nether the administrative power of assorted ministries.
—A room consortium is simply a radical of 2 oregon much libraries that person agreed to cooperate to fulfil definite akin needs, usually assets sharing. For instance, INFLIBNET Centre (Information and Library Network Centre) successful Gandhinagar is an Inter-University Centre of the University Grants Commission nether the Ministry of Education (India) which oversees the UGC-Infonet Digital Library Consortium, providing entree to selected scholarly physics journals and databases successful antithetic disciplines.
—Apart from this, HEIs besides subscribe to respective journals individually. According to authorities estimates, astir 2,500 HEIs tin entree 8,100 journals done the supra networks and idiosyncratic subscriptions.

• Through the ONOS scheme, the Centre aims to consolidate the disaggregated attack to diary entree for each authorities HEIs. ONOS volition alteration authorities and cardinal authorities HEIs to entree thousands of journals connected 1 platform, which volition beryllium progressive from January 1, 2025.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍First signifier of ‘One Nation One Subscription’ approved: How the strategy tin amended govt institutions’ entree to journals

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
3. Which of the pursuing statements is/are close regarding National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF)? (2015)
1. NIF is an autonomous assemblage of the Department of Science and Technology nether the Central Government.
2. NIF is an inaugural to fortify the highly precocious technological probe successful India’s premier technological institutions successful collaboration with highly precocious overseas technological institutions.
Select the close reply utilizing the codification fixed below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Flagship Atal Innovation Mission to spell on, Cabinet allocates `2,750 crore

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation.

What’s the ongoing story: The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved the continuation of its flagship initiative, the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), nether the aegis of NITI Aayog, with an enhanced scope of enactment and an allocated budget of Rs.2,750 crore for the play till March 31, 2028.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What is Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)?

• The Atal Innovation Mission chiefly focuses connected what?

• “The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) plays a pivotal relation successful fostering innovation and entrepreneurship successful India.” Discuss the initiatives undertaken by AIM and their value successful achieving the imaginativeness of a self-reliant India.

• Explain however the allocation of ₹2,750 crore to the Atal Innovation Mission is expected to fortify India’s innovation ecosystem. What challenges does AIM look successful achieving its objectives?

• Highlight the relation of flagship authorities initiatives similar the Atal Innovation Mission successful promoting grassroots-level innovation successful India. Suggest measures to amended their interaction and outreach.

• Evaluate the publication of Atal Tinkering Labs and Atal Incubation Centres established nether the Atal Innovation Mission successful bridging the spread betwixt acquisition and industry-led innovation.

Key Takeaways:

• AIM 2.0 is simply a measurement towards Viksit Bharat that aims to expand, strengthen, and deepen India’s already vibrant innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem. The continuation of AIM volition straight lend to creating amended jobs, innovative products, and high-impact services crossed sectors.

• While gathering connected the accomplishments of AIM 1.0, specified arsenic Atal Tinkering Labs (ATL) and Atal Incubation Centres (AIC), AIM 2.0 marks a qualitative displacement successful the mission’s approach. Whereas AIM 1.0 progressive implementing programs that built caller innovation infrastructure to fortify India’s past nascent ecosystem, AIM 2.0 involves piloting caller initiatives designed to capable gaps successful the ecosystem and scaling successes done cardinal and authorities governments, industry, academia and community.

• AIM 2.0 is designed to fortify India’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem successful 3 ways: (a) by expanding input (i.e., ushering much innovators and entrepreneurs), (b) by improving the occurrence complaint oregon ‘throughput’ (i.e., helping much start-ups succeed) and (c) by improving the prime of ‘output’ (i.e., producing amended jobs, products and services).

Do You Know:

• Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) is Government of India’s flagship inaugural to make and beforehand a civilization of innovation and entrepreneurship crossed the magnitude and breadth of our country. AIM’s nonsubjective is to make caller programmes and policies for fostering innovation successful antithetic sectors of the economy, supply platforms and collaboration opportunities for antithetic stakeholders, and make an umbrella operation to oversee the innovation & entrepreneurship ecosystem of the country.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍Manpreet Badal writes: There is simply a start-up gyration successful India

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
4. Atal Innovation Mission is acceptable up nether the (2019)
(a) Department of Science and Technology
(b) Ministry of Labour and Employment
(c) NITI Aayog
(d) Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship

Cabinet motion to `2,481-cr Natural Farming Mission

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation.

What’s the ongoing story: The Centre connected Monday announced National Mission connected Natural Farming (NMNF) arsenic a standalone Centre-sponsored strategy nether the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare to beforehand earthy farming among one-crore farmers crossed the state with a fund outlay of Rs 2,481 crore.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What is National Mission connected Natural Farming (NMNF)?

• Discuss the objectives and expected outcomes of the National Mission connected Natural Farming (NMNF) precocious approved by the Union Cabinet.

• How does National Mission connected Natural Farming (NMNF) align with sustainable cultivation practices and the payment of farmers successful India?

• Evaluate the value of the National Mission connected Natural Farming (NMNF) successful the discourse of India’s cultivation policy.

• Analyze the imaginable interaction of the National Mission connected Natural Farming (NMNF) connected ungraded wellness and biodiversity successful India.

• Critically measure the backing operation of the National Mission connected Natural Farming (NMNF). How does the shared fiscal work betwixt the cardinal and authorities governments power the mission’s implementation and outcomes?

• Discuss the relation of the National Mission connected Natural Farming (NMNF) successful achieving India’s commitments to sustainable improvement and clime alteration mitigation.

Key Takeaways:

• The decision, taken successful the Cabinet gathering headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, aims to make an ecosystem for sustainable farming.

• The mission, with a fund outlay of Rs 2,481 crore, volition screen 1 crore farmers crossed the country.

• “There is simply a request to amended the prime of ungraded and support the wellness of the radical with chemical-free food…The National Mission connected Natural Farming is simply a path-breaking decision,” Information and Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnav said successful a media briefing aft the meeting, calling the determination “path-breaking”.

• The curate said earthy farming volition beryllium promoted connected a ngo mode aft palmy experiments successful 2019-20 and 2022-23. Currently, astir 10 lakh hectares are nether earthy farming passim the country, helium added.

Do You Know:

• The Agriculture Ministry defines earthy farming arsenic a “chemical-free” farming strategy that uses lone inputs produced utilizing livestock and works resources. This is the crushed the ministry wants to instrumentality it archetypal crossed districts having precocious fertilizer consumption.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍A roadmap for India’s earthy farming ambitions

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
5. Which of the pursuing is the main diagnostic of ‘mixed farming’? (2012)
(a) Cultivation of some currency crops and nutrient crops
(b) Cultivation of 2 oregon much crops successful the aforesaid field
(c) Rearing of animals and cultivation of crops together
(d) None of the above

THE EDITORIAL PAGE

The statement documents

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, important provisions and basic structure.

What’s the ongoing story: C Raj Kumar Writes: Today, connected November 26, we observe the 75th day of the adoption of the Constitution of India. The publication of the members of the Constituent Assembly successful imagining the aboriginal of India done a democratic, consultative, inclusive, and argumentative process is genuinely inspiring.

Key Points to Ponder:

• Discuss the value of Constitution Day successful India. How does observing this time lend to promoting law values and consciousness among citizens?

• Analyse the relation of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar successful the framing of the Indian Constitution. How is his publication commemorated during Constitution Day celebrations?

• Evaluate the interaction of celebrating Constitution Day connected the ineligible and acquisition institutions successful India. What initiatives person been undertaken to heighten nationalist engagement with law principles?

• Critically measure the relevance of Constitution Day successful modern India. How does it service arsenic a reminder of the law rights and duties of citizens?

• Discuss the value of the Preamble successful the Indian Constitution. How does it bespeak the halfway values and guiding principles of the nation?

• Discuss the value of the consensus-driven attack adopted by the Constituent Assembly successful drafting the Indian Constitution.

• Analyse the relation of the Constituent Assembly successful ensuring practice and accommodation of divers interests successful the Indian Constitution. In what ways tin this bequest pass present-day parliamentary practices?

• “The tone of statement and accommodation was pivotal successful the framing of the Indian Constitution.” Elucidate this connection with examples from the Constituent Assembly debates and sermon its relevance successful today’s parliamentary proceedings.

• Examine the challenges faced by the Constituent Assembly successful achieving statement among its members.

Key Takeaways:

• The publication of the members of the Constituent Assembly successful imagining the aboriginal of India done a democratic, consultative, inclusive, and argumentative process is genuinely inspiring.

• It is important to besides observe the publication of the members of the Constituent Assembly. But it is arsenic important to larn lessons from their singular efforts successful drafting the Constitution arsenic a statement document.

• The Constituent Assembly emphasized achieving statement implicit relying solely connected bulk rule, ensuring that divers perspectives were considered and integrated into the Constitution.

• Members engaged successful extended debates, reflecting a committedness to inclusive deliberation and accommodating differing viewpoints.

• The Assembly acknowledged India’s pluralistic society, striving to make a model that respected and represented assorted cultural, religious, and societal groups.

Do You Know:

• In May 2015, the Union Cabinet announced that November 26 would beryllium observed arsenic Constitution Day to beforehand “constitutional values amongst citizens”. That twelvemonth besides marked the 125th commencement day of BR Ambedkar, the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution. K.M. Munshi, Muhammed Saadulah and Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer were besides among the committee’s members.

• The Constituent Assembly, the assemblage meant to draught the Constitution of India, held its archetypal league connected December 9, 1946, attended by 207 members. Initially, the assembly had 389 members, but aft Independence and the Partition of India, the spot was reduced to 299.

• The assembly took implicit 3 years to draught the constitution, spending implicit 114 days considering the contented of the draught alone. A scope of sources were consulted for the draft, including the Constitutions of different countries, and suitable amendments were made to accommodate the provisions to what India needed astatine the time.

• Another large root was the Government of India Act of 1935. It introduced bicameralism — precocious and little Houses — astatine the Centre and successful six provinces on with nonstop elections to these chambers. At the time, it was 1 of the longest pieces of authorities passed successful the British Parliament.

• On December 13, 1946, Nehru moved the “Objectives Resolution” that was aboriginal adopted arsenic the Preamble connected January 22, 1947, to encapsulate the basal doctrine of the Constitution.

• The Drafting Committee chaired by Ambedkar was 1 among the implicit 17 committees of the Constituent Assembly. Their task was to hole a Draft Constitution for India. Out of immoderate 7,600 amendments tabled, this committee removed astir 2,400 amendments portion debating and deliberating the Constitution.

• The past league of the Constituent Assembly ended connected November 26, 1949, erstwhile the Constitution was adopted, and 2 months aboriginal connected January 26, 1950 it came into effect aft 284 members signed it. January 26 was chosen since the Congress’ Poorna Swaraj solution was declared connected this time successful the twelvemonth 1930.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍Why November 26 is being observed arsenic Constitution Day since 2015

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
6. Consider the pursuing statements successful respect of the Constitution Day: (2023)
Statement-I : The Constitution Day is celebrated connected 26th November each twelvemonth to beforehand law values among citizens.
Statement-II : On 26th November, 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India acceptable up a Drafting Committee nether the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to hole a Draft Constitution of India.
Which 1 of the pursuing is close successful respect of the supra statements?
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are close and Statement-II is the close mentation for Statement-I
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are close and Statement-II is not the close mentation for Statement-I
(c) Statement-I is close but Statement-II is incorrect
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

EXPRESS NETWORK

SC upholds inclusion of ‘socialist’, ‘secular’ successful Constitution Preamble

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, important provisions and basal structure.

What’s the ongoing story: The Supreme Court connected Monday dismissed petitions challenging the law validity of the 42nd amendment by which the words ‘secular’ and ‘socialist’ were added to the Preamble of the Constitution during the Emergency days successful 1976, saying “these presumption person achieved wide acceptance, with their meanings understood by ‘We, the radical of India’ without immoderate semblance of doubt”.

Key Points to Ponder:

• Discuss the value of the Supreme Court’s determination to uphold the inclusion of ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ successful the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.

• How Supreme Court’s determination to uphold the inclusion of ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ successful the Preamble of the Indian Constitution impacts the mentation of the Constitution’s basal structure?

• The presumption ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ were added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution done which Constitutional Amendment?

• Analyze the arguments presented successful the petitions challenging the inclusion of ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ successful the Preamble. How did the Supreme Court code these concerns successful its ruling?

• Which doctrine was reinforced by the Supreme Court successful its determination to uphold the inclusion of ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ successful the Preamble?

• Evaluate the humanities discourse and implications of the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, which introduced the presumption ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ into the Preamble. How has this amendment influenced India’s law and governmental landscape?

Key Takeaways:

• A seat of Chief Justice of India Sanjiv Khanna and Justice Sanjay Kumar said the Parliament’s powerfulness nether Article 368 to amend the Constitution besides extends to the Preamble and rejected the statement that the words could not person been added retrospectively successful 1976 to the archetypal Preamble which has a cut-off day of November 26, 1949.

• The SC judgement said that “while it is existent that the Constituent Assembly had not agreed to see the words ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ successful the Preamble, the Constitution is simply a surviving document, arsenic noticed supra with powerfulness fixed to the Parliament to amend it successful presumption of and successful accord with Article 368”.

• It said, “In 1949, the word ‘secular’ was considered imprecise, arsenic immoderate scholars and jurists had interpreted it arsenic being opposed to religion. Over time, India has developed its ain mentation of secularism, wherein the State neither supports immoderate religion nor penalizes the assemblage and signifier of immoderate faith. This rule is enshrined successful Articles 14, 15, and 16 of the Constitution…”

• On the situation to the connection ‘socialism’, the SC said “in the discourse should not beryllium interpreted arsenic restricting the economical policies of an elected authorities of the people’s prime astatine a fixed time… Rather, ‘socialist’ denotes the State’s committedness to beryllium a payment State…”

• In this context, the seat besides referred to the bulk judgement successful the 9-Judge Constitution Bench determination successful ‘Property Owners Association and Others v. State of Maharashtra and Others’. The verdict “has cleared immoderate uncertainty and ambiguity, arsenic it is held that the Constitution, arsenic framed successful wide terms, allows the elected authorities to follow a operation for economical governance which would sub-serve the policies for which it is accountable to the electorate…”.

Do You Know:

• The radical of India profess galore faiths, and their unity and fraternity, notwithstanding the quality successful spiritual beliefs, was sought to beryllium achieved by enshrining the perfect of “secularism” successful the Preamble.
In essence, this means that the authorities protects each religions equally, maintains neutrality and impartiality towards each religions, and does not uphold immoderate 1 religion arsenic a “state religion”.
A secular Indian authorities was founded connected the thought that it is acrophobic with the narration betwixt quality being and quality being, and not betwixt quality being and God, which is simply a substance of idiosyncratic prime and idiosyncratic conscience. Secularism successful the Indian Constitution, therefore, is not a question of spiritual sentiment, but a question of law.
The secular quality of the Indian authorities is secured by Articles 25-28 of the Constitution.

• The founders of the Indian Republic adopted Articles 25, 26, and 27 with the explicit volition of furthering and promoting the doctrine of secularism successful the Constitution. The 42nd Amendment lone formally inserted the connection into the Constitution and made explicit what was already implicit successful assorted provisions and wide doctrine of the founding papers of the Republic.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍The past and debates astir ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ successful the preamble of the Constitution

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
7. The Preamble to the Constitution of India is (2020)
(a) a portion of the Constitution but has nary ineligible effect
(b) not a portion of the Constitution and has nary ineligible effect either
(c) portion of the Constitution and has the aforesaid ineligible effect arsenic immoderate different part
(d) a portion of the Constitution but has nary ineligible effect independently of different parts

EXPLAINED

Legal issues successful Sambhal

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.

Main Examination: General Studies I: Secularism

What’s the ongoing story: Nearly a week aft a territory tribunal successful Sambhal ordered a survey of the Shahi Jama Masjid, the municipality successful occidental Uttar Pradesh has been rocked with unit that has left astatine slightest 4 dormant and respective others injured.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What is the Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act 1991?

• Under what circumstances was the Places of Worship Act, 1991 instrumentality enacted, and however did the authorities warrant it?

• How Judiciary has interpreted the Places of Worship Act, 1991?

• The Places of Worship Act, 1991-Know the Key Provisions

• What Section 3 of the Places of Worship Act, 1991 is each about?

• Section 4(1) and Section 4(2) of the Places of worship act, 1991-Know the provisions

• “The Places of Worship Act, 1991, aims to sphere India’s secular cloth by maintaining the presumption quo of places of worship.” Critically measure the value of the Act successful the discourse of communal harmony and ineligible disputes similar the Sambhal mosque case.

• Discuss the law and ineligible challenges to the Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991. How bash these challenges bespeak the evolving dynamics of religion and instrumentality successful India?

• Analyze the implications of the Sambhal mosque lawsuit successful the larger statement astir the Places of Worship Act, 1991. Suggest measures to code specified disputes portion upholding the principles of secularism and justice.

• Examine however judicial interpretations of the Places of Worship Act, 1991, tin interaction the solution of humanities disputes involving spiritual sites. Should amendments to the Act beryllium considered to code existent challenges?

Key Takeaways:

• The court’s bid came successful a plea which claimed that Sambhal’s Jama Masjid was built connected the tract of a Hindu temple. This is akin to claims made successful the cases of Gyanvapi mosque successful Varanasi, the Shahi Idgah successful Mathura, and the Kamal-Maula mosque successful Madhya Pradesh’s Dhar.

• The claims successful each of these disputes fundamentally question to alteration the spiritual quality of a spot of worship, thing that is prohibited by the Place of Worship Act, 1991.

• On November 19, Aditya Singh, civilian justice (senior division), of the District And Sessions Court of Sambhal astatine Chandausi allowed an exertion filed by advocator Hari Shankar Jain and others, including a section mahant, claiming the close to entree the mosque. The petitioners allege that the mosque was built successful 1526 by Mughal emperor Babur aft demolishing a Hindu temple that stood there.

Do You Know:

• The agelong rubric describes it arsenic “An Act to prohibit conversion of immoderate spot of worship and to supply for the attraction of the spiritual quality of immoderate spot of worship arsenic it existed connected the 15th time of August, 1947, and for matters connected therewith oregon incidental thereto.”

• Section 3 of the Act bars the conversion, successful afloat oregon part, of a spot of worship of immoderate spiritual denomination into a spot of worship of a antithetic spiritual denomination — oregon adjacent a antithetic conception of the aforesaid spiritual denomination.

• Section 4(1) declares that the spiritual quality of a spot of worship “shall proceed to beryllium the aforesaid arsenic it existed” connected August 15, 1947. Section 4(2) says immoderate suit oregon ineligible proceeding with respect to the conversion of the spiritual quality of immoderate spot of worship existing connected August 15, 1947, pending earlier immoderate court, shall abate — and nary caller suit oregon ineligible proceedings shall beryllium instituted.

• Section 5 stipulates that the Act shall not use to the Ramjanmabhoomi-Babri Masjid case, and to immoderate suit, entreaty oregon proceeding relating to it.

• The Act was brought by the Congress authorities of Prime Minister P V Narasimha Rao astatine a clip erstwhile the Ram temple question was astatine its peak. The Babri Masjid was inactive standing, but L K Advani’s rath yatra, his apprehension successful Bihar, and the firing connected kar sevaks successful Uttar Pradesh had raised communal tensions.
—Moving the Bill successful Parliament, past Home Minister S B Chavan said: “It is considered indispensable to follow these measures successful presumption of the controversies arising from clip to clip with respect to conversion of places of worship which thin to vitiate the communal atmosphere… Adoption of this Bill volition efficaciously forestall immoderate caller controversies from arising successful respect of conversion of immoderate spot of worship…”

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍Explained: What is the Places of Worship Act, and what are its provisions?

Significance of European star mission, which ISRO volition launch

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.

Main Examination: General Studies III: Awareness successful the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intelligence spot rights.

What’s the ongoing story: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) volition motorboat the European Space Agency’s Proba-3 ngo connected its PSLV rocket to survey the star corona, the outermost and hottest portion of the Sun’s atmosphere, from Sriharikota connected December 4.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What is Proba-3?

• What volition Proba-3 study?

• Why is Proba-3 unique?

• How mightiness India payment from Proba-3?

Key Takeaways:

• Developed astatine an estimated outgo of 200 cardinal euros, Proba-3 has an expected ngo beingness of 2 years. It volition beryllium launched into a highly elliptical orbit measuring astir 600 x 60,530 km and person an orbital play of 19.7 hours.

• The ngo is designed with 2 satellites that volition beryllium launched together, abstracted from each different and past alert successful tandem. They volition past signifier a star coronagraph, an instrumentality that helps artifact retired the agleam airy emitted by the Sun to uncover the objects and ambiance astir it.

Do You Know:

• Due to the corona’s temperature, going up to 2 cardinal degrees Fahrenheit, it is hard for immoderate instrumentality to observe it closely. However, it is important for technological study, arsenic each abstraction upwind and its associated turbulences — star storms, star winds, etc. — originate from the corona.

• These phenomena power abstraction upwind and tin perchance interfere with the creaseless operations of each satellite-based communications, navigation, and powerfulness grids connected Earth. To survey these, Proba-3 volition person 3 instruments onboard:
—The Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona of the Sun (ASPIICS) oregon the coronagraph. Its tract of presumption is betwixt the Sun’s outer and interior corona, a circular loop usually observable during star eclipse events. The instrumentality has a 1.4-metre diameter occulting disk mounted connected it, to artifact the Sun’s airy and facilitate a close-up presumption of this belt.
—The Digital Absolute Radiometer (DARA) volition support a continuous measurement of the Sun’s full vigor output, known arsenic the full star irradiance.
—The 3D Energetic Electron Spectrometer (3DEES) volition measurement electron fluxes arsenic it passes done Earth’s radiation belts, providing information for abstraction upwind studies.

• The 2 satellites — Occulter Spacecraft (weighing 200 kg) and the Coronagraph Spacecraft (weighing 340 kg) — volition mimic a earthy star eclipse. They volition manoeuvre precisely successful Earth’s orbit truthful that 1 outer casts a shadiness onto the other.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍India’s PSLV to motorboat world’s archetypal parallel outer brace for Sun’s outer secrets connected Dec 4

For immoderate queries and feedback, interaction priya.shukla@indianexpress.com

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