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How person India-US ties progressed nether the Joe Biden presidency? Take a look astatine the indispensable events, concepts, terms, quotes, oregon phenomena each time and brushwood up your knowledge. Also, spell beyond the nugget and find what are the foundational agreements of defence practice betwixt some countries.
Subject: International relations
(Relevance: India’s bilateral relations with the United States is cardinal to its overseas policy. Therefore, it is indispensable to enactment informed astir governmental developments successful America and their implications for India’s interests.)
Why successful the news?
As the United States is each set to elite its 47th President, it is a bully infinitesimal to bespeak connected however practice betwixt India and the US has evolved during Biden’s presidency. Here are 10 important developments successful India-US relations nether Biden’s presidency.
Key Takeaways :
1. US-India Initiative connected captious and emerging technologies (iCET): The astir important improvement during the Biden medication is undoubtedly the inaugural connected captious and emerging technologies (iCET), which was launched successful January 2023. While India has agelong sought deeper exertion practice with the United States, iCET has elevated this collaboration to a caller level.
Additionally, iCET has broadened the absorption from conscionable practice betwixt technological and technological agencies to fostering concern partnerships. This enlargement aims to heighten India’s capabilities successful precocious sectors, specified arsenic semiconductor manufacturing and pitchy motor production.
2. SOSA and MOU ON LIAISON OFFICERS: India and the US person signed a Security of Supply Arrangement (SOSA) and Memorandum of Agreement regarding the Assignment of Liaison Officers, the latest successful a bid of bilateral subject agreements that person enhanced defence and information practice betwixt the 2 countries implicit the past decade.
Under SOSA, the US and India volition supply reciprocal precedence enactment to each different for goods and services that beforehand nationalist defence. It volition “enable some countries to get the concern resources they request from 1 different to resoluteness unanticipated proviso concatenation disruptions to conscionable nationalist information needs”, the US Department of Defense (DoD) said successful a statement. India is the 18th SOSA spouse of the US.
The Memorandum of Agreement regarding the Assignment of Liaison Officers is simply a progression connected a determination taken earlier to summation information-sharing betwixt India and the US, and to station Indian equipped forces officers successful cardinal strategical US Commands. India volition deploy the archetypal Liaison Officer to the US Special Operations Command office successful Florida.
3. Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity: India connected September 22 signed the US-led 14-member Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) bloc’s agreements connected a cleanable and just economy. The agreements are aimed astatine facilitating development, access, and deployment of cleanable vigor and climate-friendly technologies. They besides purpose to fortify anti-corruption measures and beforehand taxation transparency wrong subordinate countries.
4. INDUS-X: The India-US Defence Acceleration Ecosystem (INDUS-X) — a web of university, incubator, corporate, deliberation tank, and backstage concern stakeholders — was inaugurated connected June 21, 2023. This programme volition facilitate associated innovation connected defence technologies and accelerate the integration of India’s backstage assemblage defence manufacture with the US defence sector.
5. India-US Clean Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership: In April, 2021, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Joe Biden launched the India-US Clean Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership. In it the US pledged to chopped emissions by 50 to 52 per cent of its 2005 levels by 2030. This is treble the 2015 extremity acceptable by erstwhile President Barack Obama.
Later, successful September, 2021, United States Special Presidential Envoy for Climate, John Kerry said that the US volition assistance India successful attracting concern and exertion to execute its 450GW renewable vigor people for 2030, arsenic announced earlier by Prime Minister Modi.
6. Critical Minerals Partnership: In June 2023, India go a subordinate of the Mineral Security Partnership (MSP), a US-led collaboration of 14 countries that aims to catalyse nationalist and backstage concern successful captious mineral proviso chains globally. India’s inclusion assumes value fixed that 1 of the cardinal elements of New Delhi’s maturation strategy is powered by an ambitious displacement successful the mobility abstraction done the conversion of a ample portion of nationalist and backstage transport to electrical vehicles. This, alongside a concerted electronics manufacturing and semiconductor push, underlines the request to unafraid the proviso of captious minerals.
7. Minerals Security Finance Network: In September, India formally became a portion of the Minerals Security Finance Network, a US-led inaugural aiming to fortify practice among members to unafraid proviso chains for captious minerals. The announcement, made by the US State Department connected the margins of the United Nations General Assembly connected September 23, progressive a pact entered by 14 countries and the European Union. The Minerals Security Finance Network (MSFN) is simply a caller inaugural that stems from the MSP.
8. Advanced Telecommunications: India and the US person launched public-private Joint Task Forces connected the improvement and deployment of Open RAN systems and connected precocious telecoms probe and development. India’s Bharat 6G and the US Next G Alliance volition co-lead this public-private research. This enactment volition trim costs, summation security, and amended resiliency of telecommunication networks.
President Joe Biden and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during their gathering successful US successful september, announced establishing a semiconductor fabrication works successful India. (Photo: AP)
9. Semiconductor fabrication partnership: In September this year, India and the US entered into an statement to acceptable up a semiconductor fabrication plant to marque chips for usage successful “national security, adjacent procreation telecommunications and greenish vigor applications”, according to the Indo-US associated fact-sheet.
On September 9, 2024, the US announced a “new partnership” with India to research semiconductor proviso concatenation opportunities, which volition see a “comprehensive assessment” of India’s existing semiconductor ecosystem, regulatory framework, workforce and infrastructure needs.
Given the captious value of semiconductor chips successful astir everything, from missiles to mobile phones and cars to computers, the partnerships with US person geo-strategic and geo-economic importance.
10. Bilateral cyber engagement: In September of this year, India and the United States issued a information expanse outlining their committedness to advancing practice successful respective caller areas. These areas see menace accusation sharing, cybersecurity training, and collaboration connected mitigating vulnerabilities successful vigor and telecommunications networks. The connection said that some sides looked guardant to the November 2024 bilateral cyber engagement to heighten the US-India cyber practice framework.
US President Joe Biden with Prime Minister Narendra Modi astatine his residence successful Delaware up of their bilateral gathering successful september. (@MEAIndia)
BEYOND THE NUGGET: Foundational Agreements of Defence Cooperation Between India and US
1. GSOMIA: In 2002, India and the US had signed the General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA) to facilitate sharing of subject information. Between 2016 and 2020, the 2 sides signed 4 much agreements.
2. LEMOA: The Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) of 2016 established the basal terms, conditions, and procedures for reciprocal proviso of logistic support, supplies, and services betwixt the 2 militaries.
3. COMCASA: In 2018, the Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA), an India-specific mentation of the Communications and Information Security Memorandum of Agreement (CISMOA), was signed to unafraid subject connection betwixt the countries, facilitate entree to precocious defence systems, and alteration India to optimally utilise its existing US-origin platforms.
4. BECA: The Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) of 2020 aimed to facilitate the sharing of subject accusation including maps, nautical charts, and different unclassified imagery and data.
5. Industrial Security Agreement (ISA): It was signed successful December 2019 to facilitate the speech of classified accusation betwixt the defence industries of some the countries.
(Sources: The 2 caller US-India agreements ,Express View connected the US statesmanlike race: Change and continuity, India and US to beforehand practice successful menace info sharing, India to found archetypal nationalist information semiconductor works with US, India joins US-led captious mineral club)
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