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Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Main Examination: General Studies II: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, important provisions and basic structure.
What’s the ongoing story: IN A landmark ruling that has implications connected the citizen’s close to clasp property, a nine-judge seat of the Supreme Court Tuesday ruled that not each backstage spot tin beryllium deemed “material assets of the community” for redistribution nether Article 39(b) of the Constitution.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is Article 39(b) of the Constitution?
• What precisely Supreme Court Said?
• What is the operation “material resource” successful Article 39(b) of the Constitution means?
• Explain the Supreme Court’s caller stance connected the equilibrium betwixt backstage spot rights and assemblage rights implicit worldly resources.
• What law principles does the Supreme Court trust connected to warrant assemblage power implicit definite worldly resources?
• Discuss the humanities discourse of backstage spot rights successful India and however the caller Supreme Court verdict aligns with oregon diverges from past judgments.
• Analyze the implications of the verdict for spot owners and assemblage stakeholders. How mightiness it impact aboriginal property-related cases?
• How does the ruling code compensation oregon restitution for individuals whose spot rights whitethorn beryllium overridden for assemblage benefits?
• Which Article of the Indian Constitution is chiefly acrophobic with spot rights?
• Critically analyse the translation of the Right to Property from a Fundamental Right to a Constitutional Right. Discuss however this displacement has affected onshore acquisition policies and assemblage rights implicit earthy resources successful India.
• Evaluate the Supreme Court’s mentation of spot rights with respect to the conception of ‘public purpose.’ How has the Court’s mentation evolved successful cases involving large-scale infrastructure projects and assemblage displacement?
Key Takeaways:
• The operation “material resource” successful Article 39(b) of the Constitution “may see privately owned resources… not each privately owned resources autumn wrong the ambit of the phrase”, the bulk sentiment of the SC said.
• Chief Justice of India D Y Chandrachud wrote the bulk ruling for himself, and Justices Hrishikesh Roy, J B Pardiwala, Manoj Misra, Rajesh Bindal, Satish Chandra Sharma and Augustine George Masih. Justice B V Nagarathna partially disagreed with the bulk judgement portion Justice Sudhanshu Dhulia dissented.
• The ruling successful the law notation fundamentally undoes respective decades of Supreme Court jurisprudence connected the issue. A enactment of judgments holding that some nationalist and backstage resources fell wrong the ambit of “material resources of the community” nether Article 39(b) stem from a number sentiment by Justice V R Krishna Iyer successful State of Karnataka v Shri Ranganatha Reddy (1977).
• A 1982 five-judge constitution seat ruling, authored by Justice O Chinnappa Reddy successful the lawsuit Sanjeev Coke Manufacturing Company vs Bharat Coking Coal Ltd, had affirmed Justice Iyer’s view.
• The bulk sentiment of the SC has present disagreed with these judgments. It said Justice Iyer “cast the nett wide, holding that each resources which conscionable worldly needs are covered by the phrase, and immoderate attempts by the authorities to nationalize these resources would beryllium wrong the scope of Article 39(b)”.
• In his dissenting judgment, Justice Dhulia said that “the wide and inclusive” meaning fixed to “material resources of the community” by Justice Iyer and Justice Reddy “has stood america successful bully stead and has mislaid nary of its relevance, oregon jurisprudential value, nor has it mislaid the assemblage which appreciates these values”.
Do You Know:
• Falling nether Part IV of the Constitution titled “Directive Principles of State Policy” (DPSP), Article 39(b) places an work connected the authorities to make argumentation towards securing “the ownership and power of the worldly resources of the assemblage are truthful distributed arsenic champion to subserve the communal good”.
• DPSP are meant to beryllium guiding principles for the enactment of laws, but are not straight enforceable successful immoderate tribunal of law.
•The bulk was of the presumption that Justice Iyer’s “interpretation amounts to endorsing a peculiar economical ideology. To state that Article 39(b) includes the organisation of each backstage resources amounts to endorsing a peculiar economical ideology and operation for our economy”. It said that Iyer’s judgement followed successful Sanjeev Coke “was influenced by a peculiar schoolhouse of economical thought”.
• It added, “In essence, the mentation of Article 39(b) adopted successful these judgments is rooted successful a peculiar economical ideology and the content that an economical operation which prioritises the acquisition of backstage spot by the authorities is beneficial for the nation.”
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Acquisition of pvt spot not valid if due process not followed, says Supreme Court
📍2 verdicts flag: There was nary request to beryllium truthful harsh connected erstwhile judges
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
1.What is the presumption of the Right to Property successful India? (UPSC CSE, 2021)
(a) Legal close disposable to citizens only
(b) Legal close disposable to immoderate person
(c) Fundamental Right disposable to citizens only
(d) Neither Fundamental Right nor ineligible right
In caller rules, UP to acceptable up its ain sheet for appointing DGP
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Main Examination: General Studies II: Role of civilian services successful a democracy.
What’s the ongoing story: Under caller rules brought successful by the Uttar Pradesh government, the state’s constabulary main volition beryllium selected by a committee chaired by a retired High Court judge. This is simply a departure from the earlier process, nether which the authorities would nonstop a database of names to the Union Public Service Commission, which would marque the selection.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Explain the process for appointing a DGP successful a state, highlighting the relation of the UPSC and authorities governments.
• Why is simply a fixed tenure for DGPs recommended, and however does it lend to constabulary accountability and efficiency?
• What are the challenges faced by states successful implementing the Supreme Court guidelines connected DGP appointments, and what are the implications of non-compliance?
• Discuss the value of the Prakash Singh vs. Union of India judgement connected constabulary reforms successful India, peculiarly successful DGP appointments.
• Critically analyse the Supreme Court’s guidelines for DGP appointments and the rationale down implementing a fixed tenure for police
officers. How does this interaction constabulary independency and governance successful states?
• In the airy of constabulary reforms, sermon the value of an autarkic and transparent DGP enactment process for improving instrumentality and bid medication successful Indian states.
Key Takeaways:
• The ‘Director General of Police, Uttar Pradesh Selection and Appointment Rules, 2024’ was cleared by the authorities Cabinet recently.
• Officials said the determination was taken citing a Supreme Court bid dated September 22, 2006, successful which, according to officials, the apex tribunal expressed its anticipation that authorities governments enact a caller Police Act that would beryllium susceptible of keeping the constabulary strategy escaped from pressures, safeguarding the rights of citizens and establishing the regularisation of law.
• The committee for the enactment and assignment of the DGP volition beryllium headed by a retired justice of the High Court and volition besides see the Chief Secretary of the state, a nominee of the UPSC, the chairperson oregon nominee of the Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission, the Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary, Home Department, arsenic good arsenic a retired DGP arsenic its members.
• Under the caller rules, the information committee shall beryllium constituted connected the ground of merit of those officers, who person a minimum play of six months of work near from the day of instauration of vacancy successful the station of DGP.
• Further, the caller rules would besides hole the minimum tenure of the DGP astatine 2 years, i.e. erstwhile selected for appointment, the constabulary main should service for a minimum of 2 years.
• Further, guidelines passed by the Supreme Court person been followed successful the provisions relating to the removal of the DGP from his post.
Do You Know:
• Appointments of DGPs are present made connected the ground of the Supreme Court judgement connected constabulary reforms successful Prakash Singh vs Union of India 17 years ago. According to the SC’s guidelines connected the assignment of constabulary chiefs, the DGP is to beryllium selected by the authorities authorities from among the 3 elder astir officers who person been empanelled for promotion to that fertile by the UPSC “on the ground of their magnitude of service, precise bully grounds and scope of acquisition for heading the constabulary force”.
• The DGP should person a fixed tenure of 2 years successful the post, irrespective of the day of retirement. A DGP tin beryllium removed lone successful exceptional circumstances.
• Based connected the judgment, the UPSC issued its ain guidelines successful 2009 connected the assignment of constabulary chiefs of states. According to these guidelines, states are expected to gully up and nonstop to the UPSC a database of eligible officers with astatine slightest 30 years of work down them, on with these officers’ work record, show appraisal, and vigilance clearance.
• These officers are to beryllium of the fertile of ADG oregon the fertile of constabulary main (and 1 below) stipulated for that state. The database is expected to beryllium fixed to UPSC six months earlier the incumbent DGP is to retire.
• An empanelment committee headed by the UPSC chairman, and with the national location secretary, authorities main secretary, authorities DGP, and the main of a cardinal constabulary organisation successful it, is expected to prime a sheet of 3 officers “based connected merit”. For smaller states that whitethorn person lone 1 cadre station of DGP, the committee is expected to nonstop 2 names.
• Under the rules, consent of an serviceman is not required for her posting. Also, the Centre has the powerfulness to not relieve an serviceman for posting successful the state.
• UPSC besides submitted that portion the 30-year regularisation could beryllium relaxed to 25 years successful states similar Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Uttarakhand, Tripura, and Sikkim which whitethorn not person capable officers gathering this criterion, this is to beryllium done with the consent of the Centre.
• Through 2 orders passed successful 2018 and 2019, the SC has besides stipulated that the UPSC shall not enactment successful the sheet immoderate serviceman with little than six months to retirement.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
THE SECOND PAGE
Chalo India drive: Free visa for friends of diaspora astatine World Travel Mart successful UK
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Main Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation.
What’s the ongoing story: The Ministry of Tourism volition motorboat its Chalo India run connected the sidelines of the ongoing World Travel Mart successful London.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Explain however India’s caller visa argumentation changes could promote tourism and pull the planetary Indian diaspora.
• Describe the imaginable economical benefits of the ‘Chalo India’ run and akin initiatives focused connected promoting Indian tourism.
• What are immoderate cardinal taste oregon economical contributions made by the Indian diaspora to India’s development?
• Evaluate the value of the ‘Chalo India’ run and different tourism initiatives aimed astatine re-engaging the diaspora. How bash these initiatives payment India’s brushed powerfulness connected the planetary stage?
Key Takeaways:
• The Ministry of Tourism is participating astatine WTM London, being held from November 5 to 7, with a delegation of 50 stakeholders including authorities governments, inbound circuit operators, airlines and hoteliers to showcase India’s vibrant taste diverseness and the immense scope of tourism products and immersive experiences.
• As the peculiar portal goes live, the OCI cardholders volition request to registry connected the aforesaid and cardinal successful the details of their nominated friends; they volition beryllium assigned a unsocial codification aft owed verification. The designated friends tin past usage the peculiar codification to avail of a escaped visa.
• The absorption of this year`s India pavilion is MICE, Mahakhumbh and wedding tourism, said the statement. A peculiar mock Mandapam successful the Pavilion has been created to springiness the look and consciousness of an Indian wedding. The India pavilion was inaugurated by High Commissioner Vikram Doraiswami and Director General, Ministry of Tourism, Mugdha Sinha, successful the beingness of Tourism Ministers of Telangana, Goa and Uttarakhand.
• Officials with the Tourism Ministry said the run is simply a formalisation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s invitation to NRIs and overseas Indians to bring their friends and associates to sojourn India and lend to gathering marque India arsenic a tourism destination.
Do You Know:
• Chalo India is simply a first-of-its-kind inaugural to bring much overseas tourists to India, wherein the authorities volition let “friends” of diaspora members to get escaped visas. Five overseas nationals nominated by each Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cardholder connected a peculiar portal volition beryllium eligible for a gratis e-visa (visa granted without fees).
• There are astir 5 cardinal OCI paper holders, arsenic per authorities records. While each OCI holder tin nominate up to 5 people, the full fig of escaped e-visas to beryllium granted nether the said inaugural is 1 lakh, officials said.
• The UK is the 3rd largest root marketplace for inbound tourists to India. At astir 1.9 million, it besides has 1 of the biggest Indian diaspora.
• The overseas tourer footfall to India has been severely deed successful the aftermath of the pandemic and numbers haven’t returned to pre-pandemic levels. Around 6.19 cardinal and 1.52 cardinal overseas tourists arrived successful India successful 2022 and 2021 respectively, compared to 10.93 cardinal successful 2019.
• A full of 9.5 cardinal overseas tourists visited India during 2023 retired of which 0.92 cardinal visits were from the UK, making it the 3rd largest root marketplace for inbound tourists to India, arsenic per statistic by the Tourism Ministry.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
THE CITY
Delhi sees season’s archetypal smoggy day
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: General issues connected Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that bash not necessitate taxable specialization.
Main Examination: General Studies III: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment.
What’s the ongoing story: Delhi saw its archetypal smog occurrence connected Tuesday morning, adjacent arsenic the AQI continued to beryllium successful the precise mediocre scope for the seventh time successful a row.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What factors chiefly contributes to the seasonal smog successful Delhi?
• What are the cardinal sources of contamination that lend to the seasonal smog successful Delhi? How bash these sources alteration by season?
• Explain the interaction of Delhi’s smog connected nationalist health, peculiarly successful presumption of respiratory conditions.
• What relation does stubble burning successful neighbouring states play successful the seasonal smog situation successful Delhi?
• Discuss however Delhi’s topography and meteorological conditions lend to the persistence of smog during the wintertime months.
• Critically measure the effectiveness of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) successful tackling Delhi’s aerial pollution. What improvements tin beryllium made to guarantee amended outcomes successful controlling seasonal smog?
• Discuss the economical and biology consequences of persistent aerial contamination successful Delhi. How bash the short-term and semipermanent effects of smog impact nationalist health, governance, and municipality life?
• Examine the relation of municipality readying and infrastructure improvement successful mitigating Delhi’s smog. How tin sustainable improvement practices assistance amended the city’s aerial quality?
• Assess the challenges successful implementing effectual policies to power aerial contamination successful Delhi. How tin coordination betwixt authorities and cardinal governments beryllium improved to code smog-related issues?
Key Takeaways:
• The visibility dropped to 800 metres, the archetypal clip that it has dropped beneath the 1,000 metres mark, astatine Safdarjung this winter. In 2023, the archetypal shallow fog occurrence was recorded connected October 31. In 2022, it was archetypal observed connected October 12.
• According to IMD officials, precocious temperatures this twelvemonth person led to a hold successful fog and smog formation. “Fog and smog enactment is aided by precocious humidity, debased temperatures and calm winds. This year, the temperatures person started dipping lone successful the past two-three days and the fog/smog episodes person been delayed,” an authoritative said.
• As per the IMD forecast, the minimum somesthesia is expected to beryllium betwixt 16 and 18 degrees Celsius done the remainder of the week, portion the maximum is expected to beryllium betwixt 32 and 33 degrees Celsius.
• October this twelvemonth was the warmest connected record, which has besides kept the AQI levels successful the metropolis from turning severe.
• As per IARI, the publication of workplace stubble burning to Delhi’s aerial connected Monday was astir 23%. So far, Punjab, Haryana, UP, Delhi, Rajasthan and MP person recorded a full of 10,693 workplace occurrence incidents. The harvest play is inactive underway.
Do You Know:
• The predominant and accordant contributor to Delhi’s pollution, a caller CSE investigation has shown, is vehicular contamination astatine astir 13-15% each day. It is lone since October 31 that the publication of stubble burning has been successful the treble digits.
• According to scientists astatine IARI, stubble burning is expected to extremity by the past week of November.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Expert Explains: Why smog towers, unreality seeding won’t prevention america from aerial pollution
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
2. Photochemical smog is simply a resultant of the absorption among (UPSC CSE 2013)
(a) NO2, 03 and peroxyacetyl nitrate successful the beingness of sunlight
(b) CO, 02 and peroxyacetyl nitrate successful the beingness of sunlight
(c) CO, CO2 and N02 astatine debased temperature
(d) High attraction of N02, O3 and CO successful the evening
GOVT & POLITICS
Jaishankar: Temple onslaught shows abstraction for extremists successful Canada
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Main Examination: General Studies II: Bilateral, determination and planetary groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
What’s the ongoing story: EXPRESSING CONCERN implicit pro-Khalistan separatists targeting the Hindu Sabha Mandir successful Brampton, Ontario, during a sojourn by Indian consular officials, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar connected Tuesday said the incidental showed however “political space” was being fixed to “extremist forces” successful Canada.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Discuss the cardinal factors that person led to diplomatic tensions betwixt India and Canada implicit the Khalistan issue.
• How does the pro-Khalistan question interaction the Indian diaspora successful countries similar Canada?
• Explain the value of the Hindu temple clash successful Canada successful the discourse of India-Canada relations.
• Discuss the relation of spiritual tensions successful shaping the overseas argumentation dynamics betwixt India and Canada, peculiarly successful airy of the caller clashes involving the Hindu temple.
• What relation does the Canadian authorities play successful addressing the concerns of the Indian authorities regarding Khalistan sympathizers wrong its borders?
• Evaluate India’s diplomatic effect to the emergence of pro-Khalistan activities successful overseas countries similar Canada. How should India equilibrium its interests successful protecting its sovereignty portion respecting planetary norms of escaped expression?
• Critically measure the interaction of the Khalistan question connected India’s narration with countries having ample Sikh populations. What diplomatic measures should India instrumentality to safeguard its interests?
Key Takeaways:
• Jaishankar was responding to queries related to the incidental and the ongoing diplomatic enactment betwixt India and Canada, during a associated property briefing with his Australian counterpart Penny Wong successful Canberra. He is connected an authoritative sojourn to Australia from November 3-7.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned the “deliberate onslaught connected a Hindu temple” and “cowardly attempts to intimidate our diplomats”. He besides asked the Canadian authorities to “ensure justness and uphold the regularisation of law”.
• On the diplomatic enactment betwixt India and Canada, pursuing Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s allegation of the Indian government’s “potential” engagement successful the sidesplitting of Khalistan separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar, Jaishankar reiterated that Canada has levelled allegations without providing specifics.
• Along with the US and Australia, who are besides India’s Quad partners, Canada, UK and New Zealand marque the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing alliance. Canada had briefed the grouping connected the Nijjar probe.
Do You Know:
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned the “deliberate onslaught connected a Hindu temple” and “cowardly attempts to intimidate our diplomats”. He besides asked the Canadian authorities to “ensure justness and uphold the regularisation of law”.
• Amid strained ties with Canada, this is the archetypal clip that Modi has spoken retired publically since September past year, erstwhile Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau alleged “potential” engagement of the Indian authorities successful the sidesplitting of Khalistan separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar.
—While Khalistan separatists person targeted Indians and Indian officials successful the past, this is the archetypal clip that Modi has spoken retired against the acts of unit — underlining the Indian government’s beardown basal connected Khalistan separatists successful Canada.
—In the past fewer months, particularly aft the autumn of the Sheikh Hasina authorities successful Bangladesh, Modi has spoken retired against the targeting of Hindus — including successful a telephone telephone with US President Joe Biden.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Pro-Khalistan men people temple; PM Modi to Canada: Cowardly, uphold the law
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
3. In which 1 of the pursuing groups are each the 4 countries members of G20? (UPSC CSE, 2020)
(a) Argentina, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey
(b) Australia, Canada, Malaysia and New Zealand
(c) Brazil, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam
(d) Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea
THE IDEAS PAGE
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance
Mains Examination: General Studies I: Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
What’s the ongoing story: Faizan Mustafa Writes: It reads number rights alongside the close to equality and close to education
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is the Madarsa Act?
• Why did Allahabad HC quash the Act?
• Why did SC uphold the Act?
• Why did SC onslaught down higher acquisition provisions of the Act?
• Which rule does the Supreme Court’s caller verdict connected madrasas successful Uttar Pradesh chiefly uphold? (Hint: Negative Secularism, Positive Secularism, Religious Nationalism and Fundamentalism)
• What is the superior law proviso invoked successful the discourse of spiritual institutions specified arsenic madrasas successful India?
• In the discourse of the UP madrasa verdict, the word ‘positive secularism’ is champion described arsenic what?
• The Supreme Court’s stance connected madrasas successful its latest ruling reflects what?
• Discuss the value of the Supreme Court’s ruling connected the governance and regularisation of madrasas successful Uttar Pradesh.
• Explain however the conception of ‘positive secularism’ has evolved successful India, peculiarly with respect to spiritual acquisition and institutions.
• What relation does the authorities play successful regulating spiritual acquisition successful India portion maintaining the principles of secularism?
• How does the Uttar Pradesh madrasa verdict subordinate to the broader sermon connected spiritual acquisition successful India?
Key Takeaways:
• The three-judge seat of the Supreme Court (SC), led by Chief Justice of India D Y Chandrachud had promptly stayed the Allahabad High
Court’s March 22 ruling and has present overruled it. The verdict successful Anjum Qadri and Anr vs Union of India & Ors upholds the constitutionality of the UP Madarsa Act, 2004.
• The SC did not hold with the High Court’s determination to onslaught down the Madarsa Act based connected secularism arsenic portion of the Basic Structure. Citing its Indira Nehru Gandhi judgement (1975), the SC categorically held that the doctrine of Basic Structure should beryllium invoked to analyse the validity of a law amendment, not an mean portion of authorities similar the UP Madarsa Act.
• Since the Madarsa Act was struck down successful the sanction of secularism, the judgement discussed the conception astatine length. It relied connected the nine-judge seat judgement successful S R Bommai v. Union of India (1994), which had held that “secularism is simply a affirmative conception of adjacent attraction of each religions”.
• The judgement besides said, successful essence, that secularism is simply a facet of equality. It rightly observed that substantive equality shall stay an illusion unless the authorities is positively charged with the work to supply adjacent attraction to each persons, irrespective of their religion, faith, oregon beliefs. It went connected to clasp that the close to negociate its affairs fixed to a spiritual assemblage is simply a cardinal close that cannot beryllium abridged by immoderate legislation.
• The Court recalled its starring judgments connected Article 30 to explicate the grade of authorities power of number institutions successful the sanction of regulation. It clarified that the number quality of an instauration cannot beryllium annihilated oregon destroyed.
Do You Know:
• The Madarsa Act provides a ineligible model for these institutions successful UP. It has established the Uttar Pradesh Board of Madarsa Education (the Board), which prepares and prescribes people material, and conducts exams for each courses. The Act besides gives powerfulness to the authorities authorities to make rules to modulate madarsa education.
• Madarsas are entitled to authorities extortion nether Article 26, which gives spiritual denominations oregon immoderate conception thereof the close to found and support institutions for spiritual and charitable purposes. Thus, purely spiritual institutions tin legitimately beryllium established and maintained.
—Article 21-A does make a work connected the authorities to supply compulsory acquisition betwixt 6-14 years of property and frankincense the authorities has a morganatic involvement successful ensuring the prime of this education. But successful Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust (2014), the SC held that the exertion of the RTE Act to number acquisition institutions, whether aided oregon unaided, “may destruct the Article 30(1) guarantees to found and administer acquisition institutions of their prime to spiritual and linguistic minorities.”
—Accordingly, the SC refused to hold with the HC’s reasoning that madarsa acquisition is deed by Article 21-A owed to its mediocre prime arsenic the RTE Act itself contains a proviso exempting number institutions.
• The SC ruled that a portion of the Madarsa Act’s Section 9 — which allows the Board to prescribe coursework, behaviour exams, and assistance degrees to those who person finished Kamil and Fazil courses — is contrary to the UGC Act. Under Section 22 of the UGC Act, lone universities which person been established nether a cardinal oregon authorities Act oregon person been “deemed” to beryllium universities by the UGC tin assistance degrees. Therefore, the SC struck down a portion of the Section 9.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Why the Supreme Court upheld law validity of UP Madarsa Act, 2004
📍SC upholds UP madarsa Act, strikes down provisions connected higher degrees
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
4. Consider the pursuing statements: (UPSC CSE, 2020)
1. The Constitution of India defines its ‘basic structure’ successful presumption of federalism, secularism, cardinal rights and democracy.
2. The Constitution of India provides for ‘judicial review’ to safeguard the citizens’ liberties and to sphere the ideals connected which the Constitution is based.
Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
5. What was the nonstop law presumption of India connected 26th January, 1950? (UPSC CSE, 2021)
(a) A Democratic Republic
(b) A Sovereign Democratic Republic
(c) A Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic
(d) A Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:
📍 “Parliament’s powerfulness to amend the constitution is constricted powerfulness and it cannot beryllium enlarged into implicit power”. In airy of this statement, explicate whether parliament nether nonfiction 368 of the constitution tin destruct the basal operation of the constitution by expanding its amending power? (UPSC GS2, 2019)
ECONOMY
Bank deposit maturation outpaces recognition offtake for archetypal clip successful 30 months
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc
Main Examination: General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, improvement and employment.
What’s the ongoing story: For the archetypal clip successful 30 months, deposit maturation successful the banking strategy has outpaced recognition maturation aft it registered a year-on-year maturation of 11.8 per cent successful the fortnight ended October 18, compared to a emergence of 11.7 per cent successful indebtedness growth.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What each the factors which contributed to the caller emergence successful slope deposit maturation outpacing recognition off-take successful India?
• As of the latest reports, which assemblage has shown a diminution successful recognition off-take successful India?
• What does an summation successful slope deposits comparative to indebtedness maturation typically bespeak astir the economy?
• Explain the imaginable reasons down the maturation of slope deposits outpacing recognition off-take successful the Indian economy.
• Discuss the implications of debased recognition maturation connected the wide economical improvement of India.
• How tin accrued savings successful the signifier of slope deposits beryllium beneficial to the fiscal assemblage and the economy?
• What relation does the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) play successful influencing the narration betwixt deposit maturation and recognition off-take?
• The banking assemblage successful India is experiencing higher deposit growth, but businesses are reluctant to borrow. Discuss the imaginable reasons for this behaviour and suggest argumentation interventions to stimulate recognition off-take.
Key Takeaways:
• The maturation successful deposits tin beryllium attributed to rising word deposit rates of scheduled commercialized banks (SCBs). The slowdown successful recognition maturation was owed to a higher basal effect due to the fact that of the merger of HDFC Ltd with the HDFC Bank and the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) specified arsenic higher hazard weights for unsecured loans and the projected LCR (Liquidity Coverage Ratio) norms.
• In the fortnight ended October 18, slope recognition accrued to Rs 172.38 lakh crore, compared to Rs 154.57 lakh crore successful the year-ago fortnight. In the aforesaid period, slope deposits grew to Rs 218.07 lakh crore, arsenic against Rs 195.15 lakh crore successful the aforesaid fortnight of past year.
• “On y-o-y (year-on-year) performance, recognition saw a maturation of 11.7 per cent (in the fortnight ended October 18, 2024), slower than the past year’s complaint of 19.7 per cent. Meanwhile, deposits saw a maturation of 11.8 per cent, compared to 13.4 per cent past year. Hence recognition offtake has moderated comparative to deposit growth,” according to a study by CareEdge Ratings.
• Since January 2024, deposits roseate to 8.6 per cent arsenic of October 18, 2024. Meanwhile, successful implicit terms, deposits person expanded by Rs 17.3 lakh crore implicit the past 9 months. Deposits person remained salient successful FY25 arsenic banks person intensified efforts to fortify their liability franchise. Banks are besides sourcing funds via the certificates of deposits (CDs) astatine a comparatively higher cost, the study said.
• In November past year, the RBI accrued hazard weights connected the vulnerability of banks towards user credit, recognition paper receivables and non-banking concern companies (NBFCs) by 25 per cent up to 150 per cent.
• Banks are expected to witnesser a moderation successful their recognition maturation targets successful the run-up to the projected implementation of revised LCR norms from April 1, 2025, resulting successful an betterment (decline) successful the CD ratio and summation successful liquidity buffers.
Do You Know:
• According to Investopedia, Bank deposits dwell of wealth placed into banking institutions for safekeeping. These deposits are made to deposit accounts specified arsenic savings accounts, checking accounts, and wealth marketplace accounts astatine fiscal institutions.
• According to Investopedia, the deposit itself is simply a liability owed by the slope to the depositor. Bank deposits notation to this liability alternatively than to the existent funds that person been deposited. When idiosyncratic opens a slope relationship and makes a currency deposit, they surrender the ineligible rubric to the cash, and it becomes an plus of the bank. In turn, the relationship is simply a liability to the bank.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Why banks are witnessing a slowdown successful slope deposit growth
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
6. With notation to the Indian economy, see the pursuing statements: (UPSC CSE, 2020)
1. A stock of the household fiscal savings goes towards authorities borrowings.
2. Dated securities issued astatine marked-related rates successful auctions signifier a ample constituent of
internal debt.
Which of the supra statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
7. Consider the pursuing liquid assets: (UPSC CSE 2013)
1. Demand deposits with the banks
2. Time deposits with the banks
3. Savings deposits with the banks
4. Currency
The close series of these decreasing bid of Liquidity is
(a) 1-4-3-2
(b) 4-3-2-1
(c) 2-3-1-4
(d) 4-1-3-2
How Dedicated Freight Corridors are adding to GDP growth, boosting Rail revenues
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Main Examination: General Studies III: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
What’s the ongoing story: Dedicated Freight Corridors are improving India’s GDP and adding importantly to the Indian Railways’ revenue, a caller survey by Australia’s University of New South Wales has said.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What are Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs)?
• Why were Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) needed?
• What is the contiguous status?
Key Takeaways:
• The survey was published successful the diary Elsevier. It analysed the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (WDFC) information for FY 2019–20, and came up with its findings by utilizing a Computable General Equilibrium exemplary initiated by the cardinal government.
— The survey said that simplification successful freight outgo and question clip owed to the DFCs has helped trim prices of commodities by up to 0.5%, and the corridors person contributed to 2.94% of the gross maturation realised by the Railways betwixt FY 2022–23 and FY 2018–19.
• The request for the Dedicated Freight Corridors was felt for 2 reasons. First was the implicit utilisation of the Railways’ aureate quadrilateral linking the 4 metropolitan cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Howrah, and its 2 diagonals (Delhi-Chennai and Mumbai-Howrah). This agelong comprises lone 16% of the route, but carried much than 52% of the rider postulation and 58% of revenue-earning freight postulation for the Railways.
—Another crushed was the Railways’ dipping stock successful full freight traffic. This information was compiled arsenic portion of the National Rail Plan, which envisaged that the stock of freight postulation by obstruction should spell up to 45% by 2030.
• Currently, connected an average, 325 trains are moving per day, 60% much than past year. The freight trains connected DFC are faster, heavier & safer. Since inception, the DFCs person carried implicit 232 cardinal Gross Tonne Kilometres (GTKMs) and 122 cardinal Net Ton Kilometers (NTKMs) payload.
• According to the DFCCIL, much than 10% of freight moving of Indian Railways is present handled by DFC. A DFCCIL authoritative said that a broad and holistic survey of the interaction of the DFCs connected the Indian Economy is underway, and the results are expected soon.
• The probe is based connected antithetic kinds of information including freight costs, manufacture inputs, and colonisation data. It besides factors successful regions, industries, consumers and the wide improvements successful the freight transport network. The DFCCIL said that the accuracy of the exemplary has been calibrated and validated utilizing economical information arsenic good arsenic information from the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and the Railways.
• The survey recovered that the instauration of the DFCs provided large payment successful occidental regions owed to important reductions successful freight costs. The findings besides indicated a ‘social-equalising effect’, with states that person a little per-capita GDP experiencing important benefits.
Do You Know:
• Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) are circumstantial routes for freight transportation, which connection higher transport capableness owed to the faster transit of freight trains, moving of treble stack instrumentality trains, and dense haul trains. This improves the proviso concatenation for the industries/logistics players located astatine economical centres on the way, starring to maturation of export-import postulation too.
• The Ministry of Railways took up the operation of 2 DFCs — the 1,337-km Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) from Sonnagar successful Bihar to Sahnewal successful Punjab; and the 1,506-km Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (WDFC) from Jawaharlal Nehru Port Terminal successful Mumbai to Dadri successful Uttar Pradesh — backmost successful 2006.
• The EDFC is implicit and commissioned, with feeder routes to antithetic ember mines and thermal powerfulness plants. The WDFC is 93% commissioned, with feeder routes serving assorted cement plants and the ample ports of Mundra, Kandla, Pipavav, and Hazira successful Gujarat. It is expected to beryllium afloat implicit by December 2025.
• As of March 31, 2024, Rs 94,091 crore had been spent connected executing the DFC project, excluding onshore acquisition costs.
• The instauration of DFCs was announced successful Parliament during the Railway Budget for FY 2005-06. In September 2006, Dr. Manmohan Singh, the past Prime Minister, laid the instauration chromatic of EDFC astatine Ludhiana, and successful October 2006, the instauration chromatic of WDFC astatine Mumbai.
• On October 30, 2006, Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL) was incorporated arsenic a Special Purpose Vehicle for the construction, operation, and attraction of the corridors.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Why Dedicated Freight Corridor matters — for Railways, the country
EXPLAINED
What Trump 2.0 could mean for US-India trade
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Main Examination: General Studies II: Effect of policies and authorities of developed and processing countries connected India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
What’s the ongoing story: Trump has branded India arsenic a large commercialized abuser, which suggests that helium could renew the commercialized tensions of his archetypal term, and enforce higher tariffs connected much than $75 cardinal worthy of Indian exports to the US. The broader US inclination towards protectionism, however, continued nether Biden arsenic well.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Why commercialized with US matters
• India, US, WTO, commercialized agreements-Connect the dots
• How bash the U.S. elections interaction India’s commercialized and economical relations with the United States?
• Discuss the imaginable consequences of a alteration successful enactment successful the U.S. connected the India-U.S. defence cooperation.
• What relation does the Indian diaspora play successful influencing the U.S. elections and subsequently India-U.S. relations?
• Explain the value of Kamala Harris’s predetermination for U.S.-India ties, considering her Indian heritage.
Key Takeaways:
• The tilt towards protectionism and commercialized isolationism of Trump 1.0 (2017-21) was not reversed nether the Biden administration. Trump had blocked the World Trade Organization (WTO) quality solution process and invoked wartime commercialized provisions to motorboat commercialized conflicts with large commercialized partners, including India.
• In 2019, India mislaid duty-free entree nether the decades-old Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) programme, of which it had been the largest beneficiary. The tariff-free benefits accrued to astir $5.7 cardinal of India’s exports to the US.
• According to Bernstein Research, a Trump presidency would deed China, but the benefits for India whitethorn beryllium “limited”, arsenic it could travel nether renewed tariff pressure. The “China-plus-one” strategy whitethorn summation momentum, but the inflation resulting from commercialized barriers could disrupt the expected involvement rate-cut trajectory, affecting middle-class depletion successful India, the probe enactment said.
• Indian pharmaceutical exports to the US could look setbacks, and profits whitethorn trim for IT services firms owed to a apt hardening of stance connected H-1B visas, wherever accrued rejections are expected.
Do You Know:
• The US is India’s largest commercialized partner, with bilateral commercialized reaching astir $120 cardinal successful FY24 — somewhat higher than India’s China trade. However, dissimilar China, India’s commercialized narration with the US is favourable, which makes the US a captious root of overseas exchange.
• Over the years, the US has gradually distanced itself from the wide planetary commercialized bid that it helped found aft World War II, particularly since China became a subordinate of the WTO successful 2001. China’s introduction did not trigger the expected economical liberalisation; it alternatively led to the dispersed of authorities capitalism, impacting US occupation markets. In response, the US has refrained from signing caller escaped commercialized agreements (FTAs), adjacent arsenic bipartisan calls person grown for it to retreat wholly from the WTO.
• During his archetypal term, Trump invoked nationalist information provisions to enforce 25% tariff connected alloy and 10% connected aluminium from India and
other countries, breaking from the signifier of not targeting affable nations.
• Trump has repeatedly voiced his vexation astatine precocious tariffs successful India, which impact US companies similar Harley-Davidson.
• Higher US ostentation could deed Indian exports of labour-intensive items specified arsenic textiles, gems and jewellery, and leather products, impacting millions of jobs. Higher ostentation successful the US hurts India disproportionately, arsenic the US accounts for astir 20% of each Indian exports.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
| PRELIMS ANSWER KEY |
| 1. (b) 2.(a) 3.(a) 4.(d) 5.(b) 6.(c) 7.(d) |
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