UPSC Essentials | Mains answer practice — GS 3 : Questions on Climate finance and integration of biodiversity into urban planning (Week 70)

QUESTION 2

What is the relation of biodiversity successful enhancing municipality resilience to clime change? Discuss the strategies that cities tin follow to integrate biodiversity into municipality readying and the imaginable socio-economic benefits of specified integration.

General points connected the operation of the answers

Introduction

— The instauration of the reply is indispensable and should beryllium restricted to 3-5 lines. Remember, a one-liner is not a modular introduction.

— It whitethorn dwell of basal accusation by giving immoderate definitions from the trusted root and authentic facts.

Body

— It is the cardinal portion of the reply and 1 should recognize the request of the question to supply affluent content.

— The reply indispensable beryllium preferably written arsenic a premix of points and abbreviated paragraphs alternatively than utilizing agelong paragraphs oregon conscionable points.

— Using facts from authentic authorities sources makes your reply much comprehensive. Analysis is important based connected the request of the question, but bash not implicit analyse.

QUESTION 1: Critically analyse the value of defining clime concern successful the discourse of planetary clime negotiations. Discuss the implications of exertion transportation and financing for processing nations, peculiarly successful addressing inequalities successful clime resilience.

Note: This is not a exemplary answer. It lone provides you with thought process which you whitethorn incorporated into the answers.

Introduction:

— Climate concern refers to the investments that are needed to tackle clime alteration by mode of either preventive steps to trim emissions, known arsenic mitigation oregon preparatory steps to tackle its impacts, known arsenic adaptation.

— The concern tin beryllium local, nationalist oregon transnational, drawn from public, backstage oregon alternate sources, arsenic per the United Nations.

— Developing countries person suggested that affluent countries should supply fiscal assistance to them successful bid to combat clime change, citing the (now) affluent world’s emissions during the past 150 years arsenic the basal origin of the problem.

— The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention connected Climate Change (UNFCCC), which underpins COP conferences, mandated high-income countries to supply clime backing to processing countries.

— In 2009, developed countries promised to donate $100 cardinal per twelvemonth to underdeveloped countries by 2020. In 2010, the Green Climate Fund (GCF) was formed arsenic a captious transportation vehicle. The 2015 Paris Agreement strengthened and extended this nonsubjective to 2025.

Body:

You whitethorn incorporated immoderate of the pursuing points successful the assemblage of your answer:

Implications of exertion transportation and financing for processing nations

— At present, the developed nations are obliged to rise $100 cardinal annually to enactment processing nations. However, arsenic per the Paris Agreement, this ceiling has to beryllium revised aft 2025.

— The yearly United Nations clime conference, Conference of Parties 29 (COP) acme announced that it volition motorboat a caller money to enactment processing countries successful their actions against clime change. This year’s acme volition spot negotiations connected finalising an statement connected clime concern that volition assistance processing countries combat clime change.

— At the plenary league connected ‘India’s Path to Net-Zero’, the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change stated that processing countries person important needs that indispensable beryllium met, and that the communal but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CDBR-RC) rule indispensable service arsenic the instauration for discussions.

— According to a 2021 investigation by the UNFCCC lasting committee, processing countries volition request astatine slightest $5.8 trillion by 2030 to conscionable the needs outlined successful their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which outline efforts to trim nationalist emissions and accommodate to the effects of clime change.

Conclusion:

— The satellite has to adjacent the inequality spread betwixt countries connected the contented of exertion and concern to execute the associated extremity of tackling clime change.

— The COP 29 acme volition spot negotiations connected finalising an statement connected clime concern that volition assistance processing countries combat clime change.

(Source: Exact explanation of clime concern needed, inequality spread connected tech has to beryllium closed: Bhupender Yadav by Nikhil Ghanekar, What is clime concern — and wherefore processing countries request it by Alind Chauhan)

Points to Ponder

Other important clime summits

COP 29 — Host country

Important agreements that volition beryllium signed during summit

Related Previous Year Questions

The Intergovernmental Panel connected Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted a planetary oversea level emergence of astir 1 metre by AD 2100. What would beryllium its interaction successful India and the different countries successful the Indian Ocean region? (2023)

Explain the intent of the Green Grid Initiative launched astatine the World Leaders Summit of the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference successful Glasgow successful November, 2021. When was this thought archetypal floated successful the International Solar Alliance (ISA)? (2021)

Describe the large outcomes of the 26th league of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention connected Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India successful this conference? (2021)

QUESTION 2: What is the relation of biodiversity successful enhancing municipality resilience to clime change? Discuss the strategies that cities tin follow to integrate biodiversity into municipality readying and the imaginable socio-economic benefits of specified integration.

Note: This is not a exemplary answer. It lone provides you with thought process which you whitethorn incorporated into the answers.

Introduction:

— Forests are analyzable ecosystems composed of galore creatures that interact with 1 another. At the idiosyncratic level, each surviving things successful the wood privation to past and reproduce. However, they are each interconnected and play an important relation successful maintaining a delicate equilibrium successful the wider ecosystem.

— More than 75% of blooming plants worldwide trust connected insects and animals to pollinate them. They cannot reproduce without pollinating insects specified arsenic butterflies and bees. Aside from the intricate transportation of the works and carnal kingdoms, determination is the absorbing fungus kingdom that links trees and plants. Mushrooms and different fungi are recovered chiefly connected works and histrion roots.

— A thriving wood ecosystem houses antithetic types of plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms — antithetic from a human-made greenish park. The diverseness of the wood builds the resilience and adaptability of an ecosystem. A thriving biodiverse ecosystem not lone provides cleanable air, h2o and nutrient but besides helps america header with earthy disasters, diseases, and clime change.

Body:

You whitethorn incorporated immoderate of the pursuing points successful the assemblage of your answer:

Strategies that cities tin follow to integrate biodiversity into municipality planning

— Studying trees and organisms that are autochthonal to an country is the archetypal measurement and past reintroducing autochthonal plants and organisms to promote restoration of archetypal ecosystems is 1 way.

— Mumbai is location to an unthinkable biodiversity. The metropolis features a thriving biodiverse protected forest, the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, wrong its metropolis borders, arsenic good arsenic extended mangroves and wetlands on its shore. The existent over-concretisation of the land city, with its excessive buildings and roadways, poses a superior menace to biodiversity.

Some of the strategies are:

(i) To combat coastal erosion, we tin sphere mangroves and earthy marine habitats.

(ii) Invest successful sewage attraction plants that grip the city’s discarded earlier it enters the waters, arsenic good arsenic successful caller initiatives similar artificial reefs that could boost marine biodiversity.

(iii) Planting autochthonal works and histrion taxon to summation onshore biodiversity.

(iv) The instauration of situation corridors allows the creatures successful the parkland to multiply, expanding the park’s ecology into the city.

Conclusion:

— A “green corridor” tin beryllium created and assistance reap the benefits of clime mitigation. For instance, Medellin successful Colombia, created a akin web of greenish corridors. It led to cleaner aerial and a driblet successful 2 degrees of somesthesia successful the city.

— The instauration of the Mumbai Coastal Road has enhanced connectivity successful the city. Similarly, a conscious absorption connected onshore and marine biodiversity crossed the state could greatly assistance code the clime issues.

(Source: How biodiversity tin summation the resilience of cities)

Points to Ponder

Measures to forestall coastal erosion

What are situation corridors?

Location: Sanjay Gandhi National Park

Related Previous Year Questions

How does biodiversity alteration successful India? How is the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 adjuvant successful conservation of flora and fauna? (2018)

Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion successful India. What are the disposable coastal absorption techniques for combating the hazard? (2022)

Previous Mains Answer Practice

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 1 (Week 69)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 1 (Week 68)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 2 (Week 68)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 2 (Week 69)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 3 (Week 69)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 3 (Week 68)

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