2 hours ago
1
Mains Examination: General Studies-II: Effect of policies and authorities of developed and processing countries connected India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
What’s the ongoing story: Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau connected Friday described 1 of his ain officials arsenic “criminal” for alleging links betwixt India’s apical enactment and convulsive activities successful Canada.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is the past of India-Canada relations?
• What are the areas of practice betwixt India and Canada?
• What benignant of anti-India activities person been seen successful Canada?
• What are the main causes of the tensions betwixt India and Canada?
• What is the value of Canada for India?
• What could beryllium the implications of an escalating India-Canada diplomatic enactment particularly connected Indian disapora?
• Map work: Location of Canada and important rivers and mountains of Canada.
Key Takeaways:
• Trudeau, speaking to the media successful Brampton, was asked astir reports implicating Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Foreign Minister S Jaishankar successful the sidesplitting of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, a Khalistani separatist leader, past twelvemonth successful Surrey, British Columbia.
• Earlier, The Globe and Mail, a salient Canadian media outlet, reported that Canadian information agencies believed Prime Minister Modi was alert of convulsive plots and claimed that Jaishankar and Indian National Security Adviser (NSA) Ajit Doval were besides informed. However, Trudeau’s quality advisor rapidly dismissed these allegations.
• India and Canada stay embroiled successful a tense geopolitical standoff implicit Nijjar’s killing, with Ottawa accusing Indian authorities agents of involvement. New Delhi has powerfully denied the claims, labelling them arsenic “absurd” and “motivated,” attributing the tensions to Canadian “vote-bank politics.” India has besides accused Canada of harbouring Indian criminals and terrorists who endanger its nationalist security.
Do You Know:
• The bilateral ties betwixt India and Canada are long-standing and significant. Canada is location to a precocious percent of Sikhs. However, the 2 countries’ bilateral relations person been affected by assorted issues, specified arsenic Khalistani separatism and Canada’s presumption connected quality rights successful India. These issues person led to accrued tensions and person impacted diplomatic interactions.
• The deepening acrimony successful India-Canada bilateral ties could not lone impact the bilateral relations but besides harm India’s planetary reputation. The imaginable consequences of the escalating quality are:
• Impact connected Economic Relations: The commercialized and concern linkages betwixt India and Canada signifier an integral constituent of the multi-faceted concern betwixt the 2 countries. In this context, the escalating hostility betwixt India and Canada has raised concerns astir its imaginable interaction connected bilateral economical relations. This could impact Canadian pension money investments worthy $75 cardinal successful India, the destiny of paused negotiations for a projected commercialized agreement, and the inflow of remittances into India.
• Geopolitical implications: Canada is simply a portion of the G7 grouping and shares the array with the US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, and Japan. It besides shares quality with the Five Eyes grouping — with the US, UK, Australia, and New Zealand. All these countries are besides adjacent strategical partners of prime for India. India has the Quad concern with the US, Australia, and Japan, and beardown and increasing bilateral ties with each of them. The diplomatic standoff has enactment these countries successful a spot.
• Impact connected diaspora: Recently, Canada has announced the closure of its Student Direct Stream (SDS) programme for students from 14 countries, including India, China, and Pakistan, effectual November 9 onward. Concerns person since been raised astir the prospects of Indian students who had hoped to payment from the program. India is Canada’s largest root state of overseas students with an estimated 4.27 lakh Indian students studying determination successful 2023.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍UPSC Issue astatine a Glance | India-Canada Diplomatic Row
📍 Knowledge Nugget of the day: Khalistan movement
UPSC Prelims Practice Question Covering akin theme:
(1) With notation to the Sikh assemblage successful Canada, see the pursuing statements:
1. The proportionality of Canada’s Sikh colonisation has accrued to astir 10 times betwixt 2001 and 2021.
2. British Columbia has the largest Sikh assemblage successful Canada arsenic of 2021.
3. The archetypal Sikh elected to the Canadian Parliament was Punjab-born Gurbax Singh Malhi.
How galore of the statements fixed supra are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:
‘Indian diaspora has a decisive relation to play successful the authorities and system of America and European Countries’. Comment with examples. (UPSC CSE 2020)
THE CITY
First Constitution Museum comes up astatine Sonipat varsity, chronicles values and ideas that shaped country
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance
Mains Examination: General Studies-II: Constitution of India —historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, important provisions and basic structure.
What’s the ongoing story: The country’s first-ever Constitution Museum was inaugurated astatine O P Jindal Global University successful Sonipat connected Saturday.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What are the salient features of the Indian Constitution?
• What are the sources of the Indian constitution?
• What are the criticisms of the Indian Constitution?
• What is the value of the Constitution Museum successful preserving India’s law history?
• Read astir the important constituent assembly debates.
• Know astir the making of the Constituent Assembly of India.
Key Takeaways:
• The museum, inaugurated by Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla and Minister of State for Law and Justice Arjun Ram Meghwal, delves heavy into the bosom of the Constitution by promoting its makers, its philosophical underpinnings, its provisions, and its improvement done assorted amendments.
• Curated by Anjchita B Nair, the depository besides offers audio-visual interactive experiences to the visitors, arsenic good arsenic integer quizzes. Further, portion a vigor broadcasts narratives of important humanities events from 1940, a robot gives the visitors a circuit of the museum.
• Mini busts of 300 members of the Constituent Assembly are besides neatly displayed successful the museum. A bigger bust connected show is that of B N Rau, a jurist who was instrumental successful drafting the Constitution.
• Throughout the museum, armour-cabled headphones person been installed to assistance 1 perceive to speeches fixed astatine the Constituent Assembly and scholars explaining the doctrine down the Constitution.
Do You Know:
• It is so the close clip to found the Constitution Museum arsenic an ever-lasting bequest that celebrates the imaginativeness and farsightedness of its founders. Such a museum ought to person 5 superior objectives.
(i) One, gathering the bequest of the Constitution arsenic an institution. It should not lone seizure its past but besides the improvement of the rights and freedoms enabled by the institutions established by the Constitution.
(ii) Two, the depository would democratise the knowing of the Constitution and the entree to it. The Constitution’s history, evolution, important provisions, and mentation by the courts and the amendments request to beryllium portion of a larger knowing of the radical of India.
(iii) Three, it should beforehand civic acquisition successful bid to empower the citizenry. The past of the Constitution and its making is important arsenic it tin service arsenic an inspiration for institution-building and nation-building. The thought of a Constitution Museum is astir creating opportunities for generations of radical to enactment successful the knowing of a law past and the improvement of rights and freedoms. Civic acquisition indispensable beryllium imparted to each individuals crossed each walks of beingness truthful that they whitethorn enactment towards becoming effectual participants successful Indian democracy. Knowledge and knowing of the Constitution is the archetypal measurement towards empowering the citizenry.
(iv) Four, the depository should observe and wage tribute to the framers of the Constitution and the nation’s unsung heroes. It would supply accusation astir the bonzer history, accomplishments and imaginativeness of the members of the Assembly.
(v) Five, a depository would assistance lend to wider conversations astir the Constitution and Indian democracy. It would pb to the improvement of a vibrant nationalist sermon that is not lone intellectually engaging but besides contributes to the strengthening of antiauthoritarian authorities successful India.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍A Constitution museum: Bringing the republic to the public
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
(2) What was the nonstop law presumption of India connected 26th January, 1950? (UPSC CSE 2021)
(a) A Democratic Republic
(b) A Sovereign Democratic Republic
(c) A Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic
(d) A Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic
EXPRESS NETWORK
Disarray astatine COP29 arsenic processing countries locomotion out, cull clime concern unsmooth draft
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance; Environment
Mains Examination: General Studies-III: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation.
What’s the ongoing story: The two-week COP29 clime talks present were successful implicit disarray connected Saturday, with the tiny processing countries walking retired of a meeting, saying they had been “insulted” and their demands connected clime concern wholly ignored.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Read astir the United Nations Framework Convention connected Climate Change (UNFCCC)?
• Know astir the Rio Earth Summit and Paris Agreement.
• What is UNFCCC’s Conference of Parties (CoP)?
• What bash you recognize by the word ‘Climate finance’?
• Why is determination a request for clime finance?
• What is the clime concern contented statement betwixt processing and developed nations?
• How does the UNFCCC service arsenic a ground for clime negotiations, and wherefore is it considered foundational to planetary clime action?
Key Takeaways:
• The developed countries initially offered to provide $250 cardinal each year, which was rejected by the processing States who person been asking for astatine slightest $1 trillion a year. After consultations done Friday nighttime and Saturday morning, the connection was accrued to $300 billion.
• The groups of tiny land states and slightest developed countries said this successful nary mode reflected their needs and decided to locomotion retired of the meeting. More backroom negotiations were called for. The talks, scheduled to extremity connected Friday, is headed into Sunday. The African radical of countries besides rejected the offer.
• COP29 is expected to present a concern statement to make higher amounts of clime concern to alteration much ambitious clime action. As of now, developed countries are nether an work to rise 100 cardinal dollars per twelvemonth to assistance processing nations combat clime change.
• All the processing countries insisted that they were not leaving the process and inactive wanted to prosecute with the developed nations to scope an agreement.
Do You Know:
• A cardinal contented successful concern negotiations is the enlargement of contributor base. Right now, lone developed countries identified successful a database successful 1994 UN Framework Convention connected Climate Change are obliged to rise finances. These countries reason that the standard of concern required is overmuch higher than the 1990s and truthful others indispensable besides contribute.
• UNFCCC: The United Nations Framework Convention connected Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an planetary treaty, signed successful 1992, that has provided a ground for clime negotiations.
• The Framework Convention connected Climate Change was opened for signature connected 19 June 1992 astatine the United Nations Conference connected Environment and Development (UNCED), besides known arsenic the Rio Earth Summit. Alongside it, 2 different sister conventions were introduced: the UN Convention connected Biological Diversity and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification. The Framework Convention entered into unit connected 21 March 1994.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍COP29: Why it matters and what is the past down it
📍COP29: How India plays a pivotal relation successful planetary clime governance
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
(3) With notation to the climate-related agreements/protocols, see the pursuing pairs:
| Agreement/protocol | Description |
| Kyoto Protocol | It placed obligations connected the acceptable of affluent and industrialised countries to chopped their greenhouse state emissions by assigned amounts. |
| Paris Agreement | Under the Paris Agreement, the satellite governments person agreed to support mean planetary somesthesia “well below” 1 grade Celsius this period compared to pre-industrial levels. |
| Glasgow Pact | This pact called for signifier down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). |
How galore of the pairs fixed supra are correctly matched?
(a) Only 1 pair
(b) Only 2 pairs
(c) All 3 pairs
(d) None of the supra pairs
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:
Describe the large outcomes of the 26th league of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention connected clime alteration (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India successful this conference? (UPSC CSE 2021)
OPINION
The Trump effect connected India
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance
Mains Examination: General Studies-II, III: Effect of policies and authorities of developed and processing countries connected India’s interests, Indian diaspora; Defence technology
What’s the ongoing story: P Chidambaram writes— “Mr Donald Trump is not POTUS — President of the United States — yet. That day is 7 weeks away, but the speech of the town, each implicit the world, is what volition beryllium the interaction of the Trump presidency — connected the world, connected your country, connected your town, connected your job, oregon connected astir everything.”
Key Points to Ponder:
• Read astir the past of India-US relations.
• What are the areas of practice betwixt India and the US?
• What are the challenges successful the India-US ties?
• What are the imaginable consequences of a alteration successful enactment successful the U.S. connected the India-U.S. cooperation?
• Read astir the relation of the Indian diaspora successful influencing India-U.S. relations.
Key Takeaways:
• “Trump, the mercantilist:… Mr Trump is simply a mercantilist and believes that precocious tariffs unsocial tin support American interests. He has threatened to enforce precocious tariffs connected imported goods, particularly from China…The U.S.’s affluent colonisation needs ample quantities of China’s merchandise, clothing, electronics and machinery. High tariffs volition summation costs to American manufacture and consumers, inflation volition rise, and the U.S. Fed volition summation the argumentation involvement complaint that it had chopped doubly this year.”
• “At the different end, China indispensable proceed to nutrient the goods successful bid to support employment. U.S. tariffs volition origin China to ‘dump’ goods connected different countries. India has already the highest fig of anti-dumping duties connected Chinese goods. High U.S. tariffs whitethorn trigger retaliatory tariffs and person consequences for satellite trade.”
• “Trump, the protectionist: Mr Trump has promised to bring the factories backmost to the United States. He whitethorn springiness ample incentives to American manufacture to find their factories successful the U.S. and that volition dampen overseas nonstop investment. If businesses inactive privation to find their factories abroad, Mr Trump whitethorn enforce restrictions connected export of technology.”
• “The different sedate contented is alleged ‘illegal’ migration on which Mr Trump blames everything from unemployment to transgression to drugs. Mr Trump has promised to forcibly deport up to 1 cardinal amerciable immigrants successful the archetypal 100 days… How galore Indians volition beryllium deported is not known, but immoderate volition be, and that volition person a fall-out connected India-U.S. relations. Mr Trump whitethorn besides tighten the regulations connected acquiring H1B1 visas..”
• “Trump, the clime sceptic: A Trump presidency volition person profound consequences for the lipid and pharmaceutical industries. Mr Trump has nominated Mr Chris Wright to beryllium the Energy Secretary. Mr Wright is simply a beardown votary of fracking and drilling, and denies determination is simply a clime crisis. The COP talks connected Climate Change whitethorn not illness but whitethorn endure a superior setback…”
Do You Know: C. Raja Mohan writes—
“Five themes of interest for India basal retired from Trump’s worldview.
1. First is Trump’s program to “dismantle the regulatory state,” dramatically downsize the bureaucracy, and marque it easier for US superior to put and make caller technologies.
2. Second, Trump is determined to re-industrialise America. He has argued repeatedly that globalisation has played havoc with US manufacturing and the concern moving class.
3. Third, migration has been 1 of the issues that has propelled Trump to his historical governmental comeback successful this election. Although his anti-immigration rhetoric has caused overmuch interest successful India, Trump has sought to differentiate betwixt “legal” and “illegal” immigration….India volition person a heavy involvement successful contributing to the US statement connected separating the “bad” migration from the “good”.
4. Trump’s narration with China and Russia volition beryllium of peculiar involvement to Delhi. It was nether the archetypal Trump medication that the Quadrilateral model was revived successful 2017. There is nary crushed to expect that the 2nd would dilute its committedness to bounds Chinese powerfulness successful Asia and the Indo-Pacific.
5. Finally, the Biden years person seen a important enlargement of defence and precocious exertion practice betwixt Delhi and Washington. Sustaining and expanding this nether the Trump Administration volition beryllium a cardinal precedence for Delhi.”
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims/Mains Question Covering akin theme:
(4) Recently seen successful the news, the word ‘DOGE’ is related to:
(a) Disaster Management
(b) Astromony
(c) Artificial Intelligence
(d) Government Efficiency
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Questions Covering akin theme:
‘What introduces friction into the ties betwixt India and the United States is that Washington is inactive incapable to find for India a presumption successful its planetary strategy, which would fulfill India’s National self-esteem and ambitions’. Explain with suitable examples. (UPSC CSE 2019)
THE WORLD
Putin says Russia volition support investigating caller hypersonic rocket successful combat
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance
Mains Examination: General Studies-II: Effect of policies and authorities of developed and processing countries connected India’s interests.
What’s the ongoing story: President Vladimir Putin said connected Friday that Russia would support investigating its caller Oreshnik hypersonic missile successful combat and had a banal acceptable for use, portion Ukraine said it was already astatine enactment to make aerial systems to antagonistic the weapon.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is the Russia-Ukraine warfare each astir and what person been the cardinal events?
• What is “Oreshnik”?
• What is simply a ballistic missile? How is it antithetic from the cruise missile?
• What is the Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missiles?
• What is the quality betwixt Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBMs) and Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)?
• What bid efforts person been made truthful acold with respect to the Russia-Ukraine war?
• Delhi firmly believes Moscow and Kyiv request to speech to each other, and not speech astatine each different — to enactment an extremity to the war. That’s easier said than done. Discuss.
• What are India’s ballistic rocket capabilities?
• Map work: Important places successful quality with notation to Russia and Ukraine.
• What are the planetary treaties to modulate the improvement of missiles?
Key Takeaways:
• Putin was speaking a time aft Russia fired the caller intermediate-range limb into Ukraine for the archetypal time, a measurement helium said was prompted by Ukraine’s usage of U.S. ballistic missiles and British cruise missiles to deed Russia.
• Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said Kyiv was moving with its Western partners to enactment retired systems to antagonistic “new risks”. Putin described the archetypal usage of Oreshnik (hazel tree) arsenic a palmy test, and said much would follow.
• Intermediate missiles person a scope of 3,000-5,500 km (1,860-3,415 miles), which would alteration them to onslaught anyplace successful Europe oregon the occidental United States from Russia.
• Security experts said the caller diagnostic of the Oreshnik rocket was that it carried aggregate warheads susceptible of simultaneously striking antithetic targets – thing usually associated with longer-range intercontinental ballistic missiles designed to transportation atomic warheads.
Do You Know:
• On November 21, 2024, Russia escalated its subject actions successful Ukraine by launching an experimental hypersonic intermediate-range ballistic missile, named “Oreshnik,” targeting the metropolis of Dnipro.
• The missile, launched from Astrakhan, targeted a subject installation successful Dnipro and was notable for its Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) payload, typically associated with nuclear-capable missiles.
• In summation to the “Oreshnik” missile, Russia deployed a Kinzhal hypersonic missile and respective cruise missiles during the attack.
• Notably, ICBMs are designed to present atomic oregon accepted warheads implicit distances exceeding 5,500 kilometres, enabling them to onslaught targets crossed continents. In contrast, IRBMs person ranges betwixt 3,000 and 5,500 kilometres, making them suitable for determination deterrence and theatre-level operations.
• India has made important advancements successful processing these rocket systems. The Agni series, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), exemplifies this progress. The Agni-V, for instance, is an ICBM with a scope of implicit 5,000 kilometres, susceptible of reaching targets crossed Asia and parts of Europe.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Russia fired ICBM aft being deed with US missiles: Kyiv
📍Two years on, planetary enactment for Ukraine won’t falter
📍Ukraine: A abbreviated past of its creation
📍Knowledge Nugget: Dragon drones
UPSC Prelims Practice Question Covering akin theme:
(5) Consider the pursuing pairs:
1. Astrakhan : Russia
2. Dnipro : Ukraine
3. Beirut : Lebanon
How galore of the pairs fixed supra is/are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
THE SUNDAY EYE MAGAZINE
How contamination eats into each organ
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: General issues connected Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity and Climate Change- that bash not necessitate taxable specialisation.
Mains Examination: General Studies-II, III: Issues relating to Health, Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment.
What’s the ongoing story: Anonna Dutt writes– “The haze of smog implicit bluish India is insidiously eating into our health. It tin pb to not lone respiratory diseases but summation the hazard of bosom attacks and strokes, origin spikes successful humor unit and developmental delays successful children.”
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is aerial pollution?
• What are the large sources of aerial contamination successful India?
• How does aerial contamination impact the economy, health, and situation successful India?
• What initiatives person been taken by the authorities for combating aerial contamination successful India?
• What steps should beryllium taken to power aerial pollution?
• What are the challenges with respect to tackling the contented of aerial contamination successful India?
• Read astir the Air Quality Index and Graded Response Action Plan.
Key Takeaways:
• “At slightest 1.67 cardinal deaths successful 2019 — making up astir 17.8 per cent of each deaths successful the state that twelvemonth — were attributable to aerial pollution, according to a survey published successful Lancet Planetary Health successful 2021.
• “In fact, betwixt 1990 and 2019, deaths attributable to indoor contamination (caused chiefly erstwhile cooking with coagulated fuels similar cattle dung) went down 64.2 per cent but deaths attributable to outdoor aerial contamination went up by 115.3 per cent. Air contamination is present affecting each organ of the quality body.”
• “Respiratory diseases: When contamination levels rise, not lone bash doctors spot a spike successful their patients with respiratory diseases coming successful with worsening symptoms, they besides spot steadfast radical coming successful with cough, wheezing, and breathlessness.”
• “Heart attacks and strokes: Exposure to precocious levels of contamination is known to summation the hazard of bosom attacks, strokes and abnormal bosom rhythms.”
• “Autoimmune diseases: Pollutants flare up existing autoimmune conditions arsenic good arsenic summation the hazard of processing autoimmune conditions.”
• “Other effects successful the body: There is simply a palpable interaction connected encephalon health. Over the short-term, you whitethorn acquisition headaches, anxiousness bouts and temper changes. Over the long-term, determination could beryllium an accrued hazard of changeable and imaginable little IQ successful children.”
• “The eyes carnivore the brunt of pollution. In the abbreviated term, you whitethorn kick of irritation, watering, adust eyes, adjacent conjunctivitis. Long term, it tin summation the hazard of glaucoma.
• Pregnancy: Pollution increases the hazard of still-birth, pre-term commencement oregon debased commencement weight. It has been linked to improvement delays successful children, including higher stunting and wasting.”
Do You Know:
• Air contamination is the contamination of the environment, whether indoors oregon outdoors, by immoderate agent—chemical, physical, oregon biological—that alters the earthy characteristics of the atmosphere.
• Anil Sasi writes- “Air contamination has a direct, and a peculiarly debilitating interaction connected GDP maturation and per-capita income levels by mode of reduced idiosyncratic output, little user footfall successful consumption-led services, hampered plus productivity, and a surge successful wellness expenses and payment allocations, particularly successful the productive property groups….Even successful indoor jobs specified arsenic those successful telephone centres, aerial contamination takes a toll connected productivity.
Also, mediocre aerial prime impeded the show of different highly productive employees arsenic overmuch arsenic it did of little productive workers.”
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍UPSC Issue astatine a Glance | Air Pollution: 4 Key Questions You Must Know for Prelims and Mains
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
(6) In the cities of our country, which among the pursuing atmospheric gases are usually considered successful calculating the worth of Air Quality Index? (UPSC CSE 2016)
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Carbon monoxide
3. Nitrogen dioxide
4. Sulfur dioxide
5. Methane
Select the close reply utilizing the codification fixed below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:
Describe the cardinal points of the revised Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) precocious released by the World Health Organisation (WHO). How are these antithetic from its past update successful 2005? What changes successful India’s National Clean Air Programme are required to execute revised standards? (UPSC CSE 2021)
The Indian Express UPSC Essentials brings to you the November issue of its monthly magazine. Click Here to read. Share your views and suggestions successful the remark container oregon astatine manas.srivastava@indianexpress.com
Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram transmission – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and travel america on Instagram and X
.png "indianexpress.")
.png "khaleejtimes")
.png "arabnews")
.png "gulfnews"){kind=logo}
English (US) · 
Hindi (IN) ·