UPSC Key: Urban Local Bodies, CBAM, and Senior care economy

Mains Examination: General Studies-II: Appointment to assorted Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of assorted Constitutional Bodies.

What’s the ongoing story: Flagging concerns connected the wellness of municipality section bodies, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) has recovered that metropolis self-governments successful 18 states that cater to 241 cardinal residents are facing a 42 per cent spread betwixt their resources and expenditure and that lone 29 per cent of their expenditure goes towards programmatic and improvement work.

Key Points to Ponder:

— What is the relation and relation of the CAG?

— What is the process of assignment of the CAG?

— What are the concerns related to the CAG?

— What is the 74th Constitutional Amendment?

— How are the Urban section bodies regulated successful India?

— What are the fiscal sustainability of the ULBs?

— What are the challenges of the ULBs?

Key Takeaways:

— The CAG recovered that 31 years aft the 74th Constitutional Amendment to empower municipality section bodies came into effect successful 1993, these 18 states were yet to afloat instrumentality the instrumentality successful spirit.

— On Monday, the CAG released a compendium of audit reports into the implementation of the 74th amendment successful 18 states.

— The CAG recovered that connected average, 32 per cent of the gross of the municipality bodies was their own, with the remainder coming from the Union and authorities governments. The municipality section bodies were capable to realise 56 per cent of their spot taxation demand.

— Only 29 per cent of the existent expenditure of the municipality section bodies was directed towards programmatic and improvement work. There was an mean vacancy of 37 per cent against the sanctioned unit strength. On the different hand, municipality bodies of 16 states had constricted oregon nary powerfulness implicit recruitment.

— As per the 74th Amendment, states were meant to devolve 18 functions, including municipality planning, regularisation of onshore usage and construction, h2o supply, readying for economical and societal improvement and nationalist health, to the municipality section bodies. The CAG recovered that connected average, 17 retired of the 18 functions had been devolved.

— The CAG said that the states had shown anemic compliance with the “in-spirit reading” of the 74th amendment. Only 4 of the functions devolved to municipality section bodies were with “complete autonomy”. The CAG recommended that states impact municipality section bodies successful captious functions similar planning.

— “Considering that 50 per cent of India volition beryllium residing successful cities by 2050, robust ULSGs are pertinent, for they are captious players successful delivering bully prime of beingness to their citizens…”

Do You Know:

— Urban section bodies (ULBs), i.e. Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, oregon Nagar Panchayats are the cardinal portion of municipality governance successful our cities. They are the archetypal constituent of interaction for citizens and are liable for providing indispensable services specified arsenic discarded management, sanitation, and municipality planning.

— Municipal bodies are stretched thin, managing everything from discarded postulation to metropolis planning. ULBs person insufficient resources and constricted personnel to code a wide assortment of analyzable municipality problems. The main challenges that hamper the effectiveness of ULBs are their constricted fiscal resources, constrained governmental autonomy and debased authorities capacity.

— ULBs conflict with their finances. A large root of municipal gross is spot taxes, with remaining funds coming from the authorities government. While ULBs tin rise gross done bonds oregon different securities (such arsenic the Ahmedabad Municipal Bonds successful 1994), deficiency of administrative and method expertise remains a problem.

— They besides complaint debased idiosyncratic fees specified arsenic parking charges oregon commercialized taxes, particularly erstwhile galore of these activities hap successful the premier areas of the city.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍Significance of empowering section bodies for effectual municipality governance successful India

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:

(1) Local self-government tin beryllium champion explained arsenic an workout successful (UPSC CSE 2017)

(a) Federalism

(b) Democratic decentralisation

(c) Administrative delegation

(d) Direct democracy

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:

“The states successful India look reluctant to empower municipality section bodies some functionally arsenic good arsenic financially.” Comment. (UPSC CSE 2023)

Not astatine WTO, COPs, wherever bash you privation to sermon CBAM

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: General issues connected Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity and Climate Change – that bash not necessitate taxable specialisation

Mains Examination: General Studies-III: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment

What’s the ongoing story: China and India confronted the European Union (EU) erstwhile again connected Friday connected the contented of commercialized barriers disguised arsenic clime enactment and warned that unilateral commercialized measures could beryllium detrimental to multilateral cooperation.

Key Points to Ponder:

— What is c trading?

— What is simply a c tax?

— What is the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)?

— What is the COP29?

— What is the c financing mechanism?

— What are the concerns related to CBAM?

— What is the UNFCCC?

— What are the BASIC countries?

— What is the New Cumulative Quantitative Goal connected clime concern (NCQG)?

— What are the assorted planetary initiatives related to controlling c emissions?

Key Takeaways:

— China and India, on with different BASIC state partners Brazil and South Africa, person been complaining against the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced by the EU past year.

— CBAM seeks to enforce a taxation connected a definite people of goods imported successful the EU, if the accumulation of those goods had an emanation footprint higher than the emanation standards successful EU. Ostensibly a measurement to power emissions, CBAM volition person the effect of goods from processing countries similar China oregon India becoming non-competitive successful the European markets.

— On the opening time of the COP29 gathering Monday, China, connected behalf of the BASIC countries, had moved a connection to see a treatment connected “unilateral restrictive commercialized measures” — without mentioning CBAM — successful the ceremonial docket of the COP meeting.

— The EU had powerfully opposed the move, and decisions astatine COP are taken lone by consensus. The COP presidency — the big state presides implicit the league — had past referred the substance for informal statesmanlike consultations — the archetypal circular was held Friday morning.

— The BASIC radical said CBAM unfairly targeted processing countries. Chinese and Indian negotiators besides argued that it violated respective provisions of existing planetary regulations related to some commercialized and clime change. The EU, however, denied that CBAM was aimed astatine immoderate peculiar radical of countries oregon was discriminatory.

— COP29 is hoping to present a broad statement connected concern to alteration greater flows of wealth for clime action. Called the New Cumulative Quantitative Goal connected clime concern (NCQG), the expected statement is expected to mobilise astatine slightest a trillion dollars each twelvemonth for clime action, done assorted sources.

— But India said this full magnitude indispensable beryllium raised by developed countries to assistance the processing nations, arsenic is their mandated work nether the UN Framework Convention and the Paris Agreement.

— India’s constituent is that if investments successful greenish projects are besides counted arsenic clime finance, this would partially, displacement the load of mobilising resources connected the processing countries arsenic they tin beryllium blamed for not creating the close conditions for attracting investments.

Do You Know:

— Carbon trade, being relied upon to accelerate emanation cuts astir the world, has been mostly ineffective till now, and lone a precise tiny fig of projects person resulted successful existent emissions reductions, a caller survey published successful Nature diary has found.

— The survey by a radical of researchers from respective European and American institutions looked astatine thousands of projects that unneurotic generated c credits worthy 1 cardinal tonnes of c dioxide equivalent, and recovered that lone 16 per cent of these credits represented existent reductions successful emissions.

— These credits were generated mostly by a mechanics created nether the Kyoto Protocol, the 1997 clime statement that was replaced by the Paris Agreement successful 2015. Those mechanisms person died with the Kyoto Protocol. Under the Paris Agreement, new, much robust, mechanisms for c commercialized are being created, with immoderate advancement expected to hap astatine the ongoing COP29 gathering successful Baku.

— Carbon markets let for commercialized successful c credits by incentivising emissions reductions. An concern portion which outperforms its emanation standards, meaning that it produces little emissions than it is mandated to, tin gain c credits.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍Knowledge nugget of the day: Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)

📍Only 16% of past c credits represented existent emanation cuts: Study

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:

(2) ‘BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes’ is managed by the (UPSC CSE 2015)

(a) Asian Development Bank

(b) International Monetary Fund

(c) United Nations Environment Programme

(d) World Bank

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:

Should the pursuit of c recognition and cleanable improvement mechanics acceptable up nether UNFCCC beryllium maintained adjacent done determination has been a monolithic descent successful the worth of c credit? Discuss with respect to India’s vigor needs for economical growth. (UPSC CSE 2014)

FRONT

CLSA goes ‘overweight’ connected India, reverses telephone connected China aft Trump instrumentality to power

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance

Mains Examination: General Studies-III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilisation, of resources, growth, improvement and employment.

What’s the ongoing story: In conscionable implicit a week since Donald Trump won the US Presidency, Hong Kong-based brokerage steadfast CLSA raised its India allocation to a 20 per cent overweight, portion cutting vulnerability to China. This is seen arsenic a tactical reversal from its aboriginal October update erstwhile it went ‘overweight’ connected China pursuing Beijing’s archetypal stimulus connected September 24. China’s 2nd tranche of a $1.4 trillion bundle came connected November 8 and yet different apt successful January 2025.

Key Points to Ponder:

— What is CLSA allocation of ‘overweight’ to a country?

— How commercialized warfare betwixt China and the USA is going to interaction India?

— What was the interaction of a commercialized warfare betwixt the U.S. and China connected the planetary economy?

— What precautionary measures request to beryllium taken by India successful airy of the alteration successful US leadership?

— What is the Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)?

— What were the reasons for the caller FPI pullout from India?

Key Takeaways:

— Turning ‘overweight’ fundamentally means Indian equities should execute amended compared with different markets. The reversal is besides attributed to an escalation of a commercialized warfare betwixt US and China with Trump proposing up to 60 per cent tariff connected Chinese imports into the US during his Presidential run and an underwhelming stimulus bundle by the Chinese government.

— Trump’s triumph has made the brokerage reverse its October call, with China present an ‘equal weight’, and India turning ‘overweight’. This incidentally comes erstwhile India has recorded dependable nett overseas capitalist selling of a cumulative $14.2 cardinal since aboriginal October (almost afloat unwinding the $16.6 cardinal of nett purchases from June done September).

— While highlighting that valuations successful India proceed to beryllium “expensive”, CLSA underlined that India appears arsenic among the slightest exposed of determination markets to Trump’s adverse commercialized policy. Indian authorities officials are of the presumption that Trump arsenic President would not beryllium arsenic detrimental connected India’s export handbasket arsenic those of different countries, particularly China.

— This comes arsenic China’s wide yearly commercialized surplus, expected to soon surpass a grounds $1 trillion, groundwork for a much assertive US commercialized warfare against China during Trump’s 2nd term—backed by a Republican-controlled Senate—has begun to instrumentality shape.

— The likelihood of a Trump-led commercialized warfare with China comes astatine a clip erstwhile China’s commercialized surplus with the US successful 2023 reached $380 billion. The comparable fig hardly stood astatine $70 cardinal successful 2005.

Do You Know:

— Higher tariffs and a commercialized warfare would astir surely pb to higher inflation successful the US. This, combined with runaway deficits and a imaginable dilution of organization autonomy could pb to foreigners opening to rethink if they should lend unlimited wealth to the US Treasury — which has been a fixed frankincense far.

— Such a displacement could people a imaginable watershed infinitesimal — of the scale, perhaps, of the determination successful aboriginal 2022 to frost Russian overseas assets, which forced cardinal banks astir the world, including RBI, to bargain carnal golden alternatively than derivatives oregon exchange-traded funds that way the yellowish metal’s price.

— The imaginable induction of Elon Musk into the caller medication could person repercussions for India. A connection rushed done by New Delhi to accommodate Musk’s request to import Tesla cars astatine a little work earlier this twelvemonth was not rather accepted by the President elect’s billionaire supporter. There could beryllium unit present to sweeten the woody further.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍In Trump, stronger and bigger, America has chosen The Great Disruption. Brace for the ride

📍After a 10% autumn successful 7 weeks, the marketplace trajectory inactive a origin for interest amid overseas selling

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:

(3) Which of the pursuing is issued by registered overseas portfolio investors to overseas investors who privation to beryllium portion of the Indian stock market without registering themselves directly? (UPSC CSE 2019)

(a) Certificate of Deposit

(b) Commercial Paper

(c) Promissory Note

(d) Participatory Note

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:

What are the cardinal areas of betterment if the WTO has to past successful the contiguous discourse of Trade War’, particularly keeping successful caput the involvement of India? (UPSC CSE 2018)

EDITORIAL

Served with distinction

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues

Main Examination: General Studies II: Structure, enactment and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary.

What’s the ongoing story: Abhishek Singhvi writes: The precocious retired CJI, usually referred to by his acronym DYC, firstly did what each judges, including CJIs, are expected to do, but often bash not. That is the dual enactment of judging and penning judgments. Both arsenic a puisne justice and arsenic CJI, DYC has authored much nine, seven, 5 and three-judge judgments than immoderate of his predecessors successful the past 2 decades.

Key Points to Ponder:

— What is the process of assignment of the Chief Justice of India?

— What is the Collegium system?

— What are the arguments for and against the Collegium system?

— What is the National Judicial Appointments Commission?

— What are the concerns related to the assignment of judges successful the Supreme Court?

— What are the law provisions related to the assignment of judges?

Key Takeaways:

— Seminally captious issues were jurisprudentially addressed with precocious intelligence prime — not by specified numbers alone. They scope from the nine-judge Puttaswamy privateness judgement to Common Cause connected the close to dice with dignity to Shafin Jahan connected the close to wed freely to an enlargement of termination rights successful X vs NCT.

— From striking down the criminality attached to same-sex consensual enactment successful Navtej to the designation of queer couples’ close to relationships to overruling his begetter not erstwhile but doubly portion decriminalising adultery and negating the infamous ADM Jabalpur, DYC has painted with a wide brush.

— Federalism issues, from the five-judge determination successful the NCT lawsuit to the precise caller nine-judge determination successful States versus Centre mining rights, person coexisted with his judgments connected spiritual issues like Sabarimala and Ayodhya arsenic besides the Electoral Bonds case.

— Merits apart, to wield the pen (actually the computer) with specified dexterity has not been seen since the 1960s and ’70s. If judging and penning judgments, and penning them well, is the superior trial for a justice (something excessively easy forgotten), nary just presumption tin accidental that DYC has not passed it with flying colours.

— No CJI has done truthful overmuch for infrastructure and technology. Accessibility issues, truthful overmuch successful sync with his passionateness for facilitation of the otherwise abled, unit grooming and exam centres, unit library, a nationalist judicial museum, archives, the beautification of the lawns, the caller enclosed spaces with air-conditioning, renovation of courtrooms and barroom rooms, media enclosures, crèche facilities, the caller cafe by the otherwise abled, each beryllium majestically with his astir important publication — the institutionalisation of virtual hearings successful astir courts and tribunals crossed India, contempt resistance.

— Equally blameworthy whitethorn beryllium the determination not to determine the Shiv Sena/NCP disqualification cases arsenic besides the NCT vs LG law cases. He listed them clip and again, ne'er refused to perceive them but allowed clip to tally retired nether his watch.

Do You Know:

— Apart from being an Indian citizen, the idiosyncratic indispensable (a) person been for astatine slightest 5 years a Judge of a High Court oregon of 2 oregon much specified Courts successful succession oregon (b) person been for astatine slightest 10 years an advocator of a High Court oregon of 2 oregon much specified Courts successful succession, oregon (c) be, successful the sentiment of the President, a distinguished jurist.

— The Chief Justice of India and the different judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President nether clause (2) of Article 124 of the Indian Constitution. It is mentioned successful Article 124 that assignment by the President is to beryllium done “after consultation” with judges of the Supreme Court, arsenic the President whitethorn “deem necessary”.

— Article 217, which deals with the assignment of High Court judges, says the President should consult the CJI, Governor, and Chief Justice of the High Court concerned. Further, the tenure of a CJI is until they attain the property of 65 years, portion High Court judges discontinue astatine 62 years.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍Knowledge nugget of the day: 7 landmark judgements by CJI Chandrachud

📍Pratap Bhanu Mehta writes: D Y Chandrachud, a Chief Justice of his time

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:

(4) Who/Which of the pursuing is the custodian of the Constitution of India? (UPSC CSE 2015)

(a) The President of India

(b) The Prime Minister of India

(c) The Lok Sabha Secretariat

(d) The Supreme Court of India

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:
Critically analyse the Supreme Court’s judgement connected ‘National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014’ with notation to assignment of judges of higher judiciary successful India. (UPSC CSE GS2, 2017)

THE IDEAS PAGE

What we pain is what pollutes

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: General issues connected Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity and Climate Change – that bash not necessitate taxable specialisation

Mains Examination: General Studies-III: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment

What’s the ongoing story: A quarter-century ago, implicit 200 scientists from the US, Europe, the Maldives, and India came unneurotic to survey the haze implicit the Indian Ocean. Led by atmospheric idiosyncratic V Ramanathan of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography successful California, the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) undertook intensive tract observations utilizing aircraft, ships, aboveground stations, and satellites. They discovered a elephantine brownish furniture of unreality hanging implicit overmuch of the Indian Subcontinent and the Indian Ocean betwixt October and February, which they termed the Indian Ocean Brown Cloud oregon Asian Brown Cloud

Key Points to Ponder:

— What is the AQI?

— How is AQI measured successful India?

— What is an Asian brownish cloud?

— What are the large aerial pollutants?

— What is the interaction of these aerial pollutants connected quality health?

— What is the value of PM Ujjwala Yojana?

Key Takeaways:

—  INDOEX revealed that this furniture was chiefly created by the burning of biomass successful fields and homes, arsenic good arsenic fossil fuels similar ember successful industries, and that it traveled thousands of kilometres. The survey besides recovered that the haze importantly affected determination temperatures, precipitation patterns, and ground-level pollution, reducing cultivation productivity and causing wide respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

— When the UN Environment Programme published the INDOEX study successful 2002, immoderate salient Indian scientists called it sensationalist and argued that the “Indian Ocean” oregon “Asian” Brown Cloud was not unsocial to India oregon Asia and should, therefore, beryllium renamed. Because of their opposition, the sanction was changed to “Atmospheric Brown Cloud with a Focus connected Asia”. Governments successful South Asia ignored the report.

— This occurrence underscores 2 cardinal points: First, the causes of aerial contamination person been known for astatine slightest 25 years and second, we person been avoiding the contented for conscionable arsenic long.

— The effect of this obfuscation is that today, from Amritsar successful Punjab to Agartala successful Tripura, an arc of brownish haze, up to 3 km thick, has engulfed the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP), impacting lives, livelihoods, and the economy.

— In a survey conducted by my colleagues and maine successful 2023, we estimated that India emits astir 52 lakh tonnes of PM2.5 (particulate substance little than 2.5 microns successful size, which has precocious wellness impacts) annually, excluding particulate from earthy and manmade sources.

— Around 48 per cent of these emissions travel from biomass usage — specified arsenic cultivation residue, fuelwood, and dung cakes — for cooking and heating successful homes. Stubble burning contributes an further 6.5 per cent, making biomass burning liable for 55 per cent of full PM2.5 emissions.

— Industry and powerfulness plants are the second-largest emitters, contributing astir 37 per cent, chiefly from ember burning. The transport sector, a large absorption of aerial contamination mitigation, contributes astir 7 per cent of the emissions, portion the remainder comes from sources specified arsenic unfastened garbage burning.

— These findings are not astonishing if we travel the dictum: What we pain the most, pollutes the most. In India, we pain astir 220 crore tonnes of substance and waste. Of this, 85 per cent is ember and biomass, portion 15 per cent comprises different fuels specified arsenic petrol, diesel, and earthy gas. Naturally, astir of our contamination is owed to burning biomass and coal. Additionally, particulate from roads, operation sites, and barren onshore contributes to particulate pollution, particularly PM 10.

— To code aerial contamination decisively, we indispensable travel a technological approach, and determination beyond optics similar odd-even, operation bans and artificial rain, and alternatively absorption connected the existent solution – vigor transition. Shifting households to LPG, biogas, oregon energy for cooking and heating volition destruct a important proportionality of PM 2.5 emissions.

— Though challenging, this is achievable done targeted argumentation initiatives similar a caller PM Ujjwala Yojana that provides capable incentives to promote low-income households to determination distant from accepted biomass.

— Similarly, vigor modulation successful industry, particularly successful MSMEs, on with rigorous monitoring and enforcement, is indispensable to trim pollution. A programme encouraging MSMEs to follow cleaner substance and technologies, specified arsenic electrical boilers and furnaces, could curb emissions significantly.

— On the different hand, eliminating stubble burning is indispensable to alteration terrible and hazardous contamination days successful October and November. Technological interventions on with incentives/ disincentives tin lick this problem. The simplest technological solution is to modify oregon mandate harvester harvesters that chopped person to the ground, similar manual harvesting, leaving minimal stubble behind.

— As acold arsenic automobiles are concerned, scaling up electrical vehicles and nationalist transport is crucial. This volition request wide targets for EV adoption and the promotion of nationalist transport arsenic a manner choice. Lastly, to trim section sources of contamination — particulate from roads and construction, garbage burning, and postulation congestion — section bodies indispensable beryllium strengthened and held accountable.

Do You Know:

— With ‘severe’ aerial prime successful Delhi connected Saturday, and predictions of aerial prime scale (AQI) successful the ‘very poor’ class implicit the adjacent six days, the authorities successful the nationalist superior has issued anti-pollution measures for the information of Delhiites.

— It has mandated that superior schools modulation to online classes, until further notice. A prohibition has besides been placed connected each operation and demolition activities with exceptions made for circumstantial projects related to defense, Metro, railways, airports, and healthcare facilities.

— GRAP, according to a study successful The Indian Express, is simply a acceptable of exigency measures that footwear successful to forestall further deterioration of aerial prime erstwhile it reaches a definite threshold.

— While Stage 1 is activated erstwhile the AQI is successful the ‘poor’ class (201 to 300), the second, 3rd and 4th stages are brought to usage arsenic the AQI reaches the ‘very poor’ class (301 to 400), ‘severe’ class (401 to 450) and ‘severe +’ class (above 450) respectively.

— Measures being imposed nether the erstwhile categories volition proceed adjacent erstwhile the consequent class is activated.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍What measures person the Delhi authorities taken to antagonistic ‘severe’ AQI?

📍Knowledge Nugget of the day: Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP)

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Prelims Question Covering akin theme:

(5) In the cities of our country, which among the pursuing atmospheric gases are usually considered successful calculating the worth of Air Quality Index? (UPSC CSE 2016)

1. Carbon dioxide

2. Carbon monoxide

3. Nitrogen dioxide

4. Sulfur dioxide

5. Methane

Select the close reply utilizing the codification fixed below.

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 2, 3 and 4 only

(c) 1, 4 and 5 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

ECONOMY

As elder surviving picks up successful India, a 25-year aged argumentation acceptable to get a refresh

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues

Mains Examination: General Studies-II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation

What’s the ongoing story: The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is moving connected amending the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 and updating the National Policy for Older Persons, 1999 to beforehand India’s elder attraction economy, including the elder surviving sector.

Key Points to Ponder:

— What is the nonsubjective of the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007?

— What are the challenges faced by elder citizens successful India?

— How is the occupation faced by the elder citizens person changed implicit the years?

— What is the interaction of globalisation connected older persons?

— What are the imaginable and value of the elder attraction economy?

— Why is determination a request to modulate the elder surviving market?

— What are the Digital Life Certificates (DLCs), oregon Jeevan Pramaan?

— What are the assorted initiatives taken by the authorities for the payment of the older idiosyncratic successful India?

Key Takeaways:

— Both the 1999 argumentation and the 2007 act, which was amended successful 2019, see clauses dealing with extortion of spot rights and aged property homes. The changes are apt to code the evolving scenery of elder care, present characterised by progressive information from backstage work providers, developers, and operators.

— In their existent form, some argumentation and authorities woody chiefly with aged property homes supported by authorities oregon section governments. However, the elder surviving marketplace present encompasses a overmuch broader array of players, services, portion types, and a caller dynamic betwixt buyers, developers, and operators.

— The stock of citizens aged 60-plus is acceptable to summation from 157 cardinal successful 2024 (11 per cent of full population) to 260 cardinal successful 2040 (16 per cent) and 346 cardinal successful 2050 (21 per cent).

— Since 2022, elder surviving launches successful India person averaged 2,000 units per year, astir treble of astir 1,100 units launched annually betwixt 2014 and 2021, according to a caller JLL study launched astatine the event.

— The study added that 60 per cent of India’s elder surviving marketplace is concentrated successful the south, followed by 20 per cent successful the north, 16 per cent successful occidental India, and 4 per cent successful eastbound India.

— “By 2050, 1 successful each 5 Indians volition beryllium a senior. That represents astir 70 per cent of the world’s colonisation of seniors. It’s a precise ample and staggering number.”

— In presumption of authorities support, Mehta suggested determination should beryllium 1 nodal bureau that deals with elder care, which deals with issues of societal justice, health, housing, and infrastructure. He added that a taskforce tin besides beryllium created to survey champion practices followed successful countries similar Japan and Switzerland, wherever elder attraction is precise developed.

— Mehta besides suggested that erstwhile maestro readying is done for cities, onshore should beryllium demarcated separately for elder surviving truthful that allocation is easier and costs much manageable.

— In its study connected elderly-friendly living/housing assemblage reforms, NITI has recommended the improvement of a regulatory model “to enactment the improvement of the backstage assemblage and supply indispensable marketplace stewardship portion ensuring the highest prime of work delivery”.

Do You Know:

— Once constricted to the confederate states, India’s elder surviving marketplace is rapidly expanding nationwide, driven by evolving societal norms and the expanding nuclearisation of families. Seniors are nary longer waiting for aesculapian needs to see a determination to specialised housing—many successful their aboriginal 60s are opting for autarkic units to heighten their prime of life. Project developers, too, are targeting maturation successful temple towns similar Varanasi, wherever much seniors are choosing to walk their aboriginal years successful a culturally and spiritually affluent environment.

— Despite its projected fivefold maturation implicit the adjacent six years, the marketplace volition stay undersupplied, with penetration expected to scope conscionable 3 per cent by 2030—still acold down the 10 per cent successful immoderate developed countries. Unlike markets similar the US, wherever leasing dominates, Indian seniors overwhelmingly similar to acquisition their homes.

— While request for elder surviving is rising crossed the country, astir 60 per cent of the marketplace continues to beryllium concentrated successful South India.

— “In the South, determination has traditionally been a higher acceptance of autarkic elder surviving and elder attraction facilities owed to evolving household structures, higher levels of urbanisation, and increasing colonisation of seniors. In contrast, northbound India inactive has accepted associated household structures, with capabilities to supply family-based attraction to seniors. Hence, the displacement towards autarkic elder surviving communities has been slower but is picking up traction,” said Rajit Mehta, MD and CEO of Antara Senior Living, a Max Group company.

Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:

📍Senior surviving successful India: As request expands beyond the South, developers and policymakers effort to support up

📍In ‘life certificate’ month, however Govt’s Jeevan Pramaan has been faring

Previous twelvemonth UPSC Mains Question Covering akin theme:

‘Globalisation is mostly said to beforehand taste homogenisation but owed to this taste specificities look to beryllium strengthened successful the Indian society.’ Elucidate. (UPSC CSE 2018)

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