UPSC Essentials | Mains answer practice — GS 3 : Questions on primary healthcare and hypersonic weapons (Week 89)

QUESTION 2

What is the strategical value of hypersonic weapons? Discuss the improvement of hypersonic technologies successful India.

General points connected the operation of the answers

Introduction

— The instauration of the reply is indispensable and should beryllium restricted to 3-5 lines. Remember, a one-liner is not a modular introduction.

— It whitethorn dwell of basal accusation by giving immoderate definitions from the trusted root and authentic facts.

Body

— It is the cardinal portion of the reply and 1 should recognize the request of the question to supply affluent content.

— The reply indispensable beryllium preferably written arsenic a premix of points and abbreviated paragraphs alternatively than utilizing agelong paragraphs oregon conscionable points.

— Using facts from authentic authorities sources makes your reply much comprehensive. Analysis is important based connected the request of the question, but bash not implicit analyse.

QUESTION 1: Discuss however India’s integer infrastructure tin assistance span the spread betwixt superior healthcare and publically financed wellness security systems. Evaluate however harnessing integer strengths volition assistance execute the ‘Viksit Bharat’ imaginativeness by 2047.

Introduction:

— India is becoming a planetary person successful integer adoption acknowledgment to a revolutionary improvement of its integer infrastructure successful caller years. India’s infrastructure is perpetually changing to fulfill the expanding needs of the nationalist and commercialized sectors arsenic a effect of the country’s rapidly rising integer economy, which is being driven by advancements successful unreality computing, artificial quality (AI), instrumentality learning (ML), and integer governance.

— India’s ambition to go an economically prosperous state by 2047 is linked to the nonsubjective of having steadfast and productive people.

— Primary healthcare-led cosmopolitan wellness sum (UHC) is the centrifugal that volition propel our health-care systems into the twelvemonth 2047. This necessitates accrued nationalist funding, including increases successful allocations crossed the nationalist and authorities budgets.

Body:

— Health promotion and unwellness prevention indispensable beryllium fixed precocious precedence astatine the colonisation level, and individuals’ disordered wellness indispensable beryllium rapidly restored done effectual and equitable medication of diagnostic and therapeutic services.

— If specified a robust wellness strategy is to relation with youthful vitality successful 2047, it indispensable statesman to look successful 2025. The treble helix of fiscal and quality resources indispensable proviso the DNA for maturation and development.

— To execute UHC, we indispensable execute good connected 2 sets of indicators: fiscal extortion and work coverage. We indispensable guarantee that wellness services crossed the state tin supply a divers scope of quality-assured wellness services to code the age-related wellness needs of each families.

— The Ayushman Bharat extremity has the main components required to physique a blueprint for a successful, egalitarian, economically efficient, and empathic wellness system. Improved superior attraction architecture; wellness infrastructure; fiscal extortion for healthcare expenses of socioeconomically mediocre and aged populations; and a integer wellness exertion propulsion to link respective functional units of the wellness system.

— The relation of the integer wellness ngo is particularly important successful this endeavour, arsenic it ranges from epidemiological quality to monitoring the interaction of wellness programs.

— Techniques similar wastewater surveillance indispensable go a regular constituent of our surveillance, some for aboriginal detection of processing microbial risks and for monitoring antimicrobial absorption levels (AMR). Climate alteration is allowing water-borne diseases to dispersed and vector-borne diseases to thrive.

Conclusion:

— It is captious to leverage India’s integer strengths to span the spread betwixt superior attraction and publically financed wellness security programmes that screen secondary and tertiary infirmary attraction (such arsenic PMJAY and authorities wellness security programmes).

— Community participation, whether done crowdsourcing surveillance information during outbreaks oregon identifying flaws successful programme execution, tin besides beryllium digitally facilitated.

(Source: For a Viksit Bharat, absorption connected wellness by K. Srinath Reddy)

Points to Ponder

Read much astir Ayushman Bharat

What is ‘Viksit Bharat’ imaginativeness by 2047?

Read much astir healthcare successful India

Link betwixt AI and healthcare

Related Previous Year Questions

Introduce the conception of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI assistance objective diagnosis? Do you comprehend immoderate menace to privateness of the idiosyncratic successful the usage of AI successful healthcare? (2023)

The summation successful beingness expectancy successful the state has led to newer wellness challenges successful the community. What are those challenges and what steps request to beryllium taken to conscionable them? (2022)

QUESTION 2: What is the strategical value of hypersonic weapons? Discuss the improvement of hypersonic technologies successful India.

Introduction:

— For the archetypal clip successful India, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) showed the scramjet combustor successful a crushed trial lasting 120 seconds. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has described it arsenic a captious milestone successful the improvement of next-generation hypersonic weapons.

— Hypersonic missiles are a benignant of modern limb that travels astatine speeds much than ‘Mach 5’, oregon 5 times the velocity of sound.

Body:

Strategic value of hypersonic weapons

— Hypersonic weapons person the quality to outperform large subject countries’ contiguous aerial defence systems portion delivering rapid, high-impact strikes. Several countries, notably the United States, Russia, India, and China, are actively pursuing hypersonic exertion and person reached varying stages of research.

— They tin show superior abstraction capabilities.

— They tin amended the subject forces’ capableness to negociate adjacent the astir blase rocket defence systems and onslaught targets with small warning.

— The manoeuvrability and precocious speeds of hypersonic missiles marque interception highly difficult, providing a important strategical vantage successful violative operations.

Development of hypersonic technologies successful India

— For much than 2 decades, the DRDO, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and their world and concern partners person been processing hypersonic engines and different hypersonic strategy technologies.

— On August 28, 2016, ISRO’s Air Breathing Propulsion Project made a important measurement guardant with the palmy formation trial of its Scramjet. The archetypal experimental formation of ISRO’s Scramjet Engine was successfully launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR successful Sriharikota.

— On July 22, 2024, different proceedings formation volition beryllium conducted to show aerial breathing propulsion technology. The propulsion units were installed symmetrically connected some sides of a Rohini Sounding rocket. ISRO’s existent absorption is connected the Hypersonic Air Breathing Vehicle with Air Integration Systems (HAVA) task and the improvement of captious technologies.

— ISRO besides intends to deploy scramjet exertion successful aboriginal vehicles due to the fact that scramjet engines bash not necessitate oxygen arsenic an oxidiser. Thus, rockets powered by scramjet engines volition beryllium capable to transport larger satellites.

— The DRDO began processing the hypersonic motor and related instrumentality successful the aboriginal 2000s. On September 7, 2020, DRDO successfully demonstrated hypersonic air-breathing scramjet exertion with the formation trial of the Hypersonic Technology Demonstration Vehicle (HSTDV) from the Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Launch Complex connected Wheeler Island, disconnected the seashore of Odisha.

Conclusion:

— The DRDO has worked connected a assortment of hypersonic exertion projects, including aeroacoustic studies for hypersonic vehicles, artificial intelligence-based frequence selective aboveground (FSS) applications, thermal obstruction coatings, absorption power systems for hypersonic glide vehicles, and endothermic fuels for high-temperature applications.

(Source: How DRDO’s caller scramjet trial puts India firmly successful the hypersonic weapons contention by Sushant Kulkarni)

Points to Ponder

What is the quality betwixt ramjet and scramjet engines?

Read much astir hypersonic missiles

Read astir caller projects of DRDO and ISRO

Related Previous Year Questions

How is the S-400 aerial defence strategy technically superior to immoderate different strategy presently disposable successful the world? (2021)

Discuss India’s achievements successful the tract of Space Science and Technology. How has the exertion of this exertion has helped India successful its socio-economic development? (2016)

Previous Mains Answer Practice

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 1 (Week 88)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 1 (Week 87)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 2 (Week 88)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 2 (Week 87)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 3 (Week 88)

UPSC Essentials: Mains reply signifier — GS 3 (Week 87)

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