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Carnage to Good Morning: How to get acceptable for Trump’s daze & awe
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Main Examination: General Studies II: Effect of policies and authorities of developed and processing countries connected India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
What’s the ongoing story: C. Raja Mohan Writes: Migration to trade: 5 areas to ticker for archetypal moves by Trump
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is “shock and awe” attack successful planetary relations?
• How “shock and awe” attack volition signifier the US’s engagement with allies and rivals during the Trump administration?
• Assess the interaction of President Trump’s “America First” policies connected planetary commercialized and multilateralism?
• What challenges were faced by planetary organizations similar NATO, WTO, and the UN during the Trump 1.0 administration’s epoch of “shock and awe” diplomacy?
• Discuss the relation of unpredictability arsenic a strategy successful planetary governance.
• How Trump 2.0 tin impact India’s commercialized with the US?
Key Takeaways:
Raja Mohan Writes:
• As helium takes complaint of the White House for a 2nd clip Monday, Donald Trump has a much sweeping electoral mandate, greater governmental legitimacy, and much ambitious plans to govern America – and rearrange the satellite than successful 2017 erstwhile helium was sworn successful for the archetypal time.
• Delhi, similar the remainder of the world, indispensable beryllium prepared to discard galore of its assumptions, aged and new, astir the quality of America and woody with the consequences of the heavy changes successful the interior and outer predisposition of the United States.
• Unlike successful the 2016 elections, Trump has won the fashionable ballot successful 2024 and led his enactment to majorities successful some the House of Representatives and the Senate.
• While immoderate presumption his overseas argumentation forays successful the past fewer weeks–from Gaza to Greenland–as governmental bluster, others spot them arsenic producing results.
• The ceasefire successful Gaza, which began today, is attributed astatine slightest successful portion to Trump’s menace that “all hellhole volition interruption escaped successful the Middle East” if determination was nary statement to merchandise the hostages.
• If his outrageous assertion to Greenland was wide dismissed arsenic an imperialist fantasy, the Greenlanders person signalled their readiness to sermon a caller narration with Trump’s Washington.
Do You Know:
C. Raja Mohan Says— Delhi and the different satellite capitals volition beryllium looking astatine large Trump moves successful 5 chiseled areas successful the adjacent fewer days.
• Action connected migration that has been cardinal to Trump’s run successful 2024. Trump is expected to statesman the process of deporting amerciable immigrants and transgression gangs. It volition not beryllium casual to instrumentality his committedness to motorboat the biggest deportation successful American history.
• Trump has repeatedly underlined his volition to enforce wide-ranging tariffs connected US imports–some cosmopolitan and immoderate directed astatine circumstantial countries similar China.
—Trump and galore of his advisers spot tariffs arsenic an instrumentality to nutrient important changes successful the behaviour of different states.
—The aims see the simplification of commercialized deficits and promotion of manufacturing astatine home.
• Dismantling the expansive greenish docket of the Biden Administration including the reversal of respective enforcement orders issued successful the past fewer days connected limiting the improvement of vigor resources.
• Deconstructing the administrative state. Trump is expected to determination rapidly towards a downsizing of the US authorities astatine 3 levels–spending, caput count, and regulations.
• Peace done strength. Trump is emphatic successful rejecting the “globalism” of the accepted overseas argumentation constitution that helium believes has pushed America into squandering humor and treasure astir the world.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
UPSC Practice Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
1.What does the word “shock and awe” typically notation to successful governmental oregon strategical contexts?
(a) A subject strategy based connected overwhelming power
(b) A diplomatic attack emphasizing gradual negotiations
(c) An economical argumentation focusing connected austerity
(d) A taste question promoting innovation
GOVT & POLITICS
After electoral enslaved ban, backing done spot way up: EC data
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance
Main Examination:
• General Studies II: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability
• General Studies II: Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
What’s the ongoing story: After the Supreme Court’s determination to scrap electoral bonds past year, donations to governmental parties importantly accrued done electoral trusts, arsenic indicated by the electoral spot publication reports released by the Election Commission of India (ECI) for the erstwhile fiscal year.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What are Electoral Trusts?
• How Electoral Trusts is antithetic from that of the electoral enslaved scheme?
• How bash donations done electoral trusts stack up against donations made done EBs?
• Why and erstwhile electoral bonds were introduced?
• Electoral Bonds-Key Features
• What are the pros and cons of Electoral Trusts?
• Find retired the ruling connected electoral bonds from the Supreme Court of India.
Key Takeaways:
• On February 15, 2024, the Supreme Court ruled that the electoral committee strategy was unconstitutional and ordered the banks to cease issuing bonds immediately.
• Nearly three-fourths of the donations to the Prudent Electoral Trust, which has received the highest contribution, were made aft the Supreme Court’s determination connected February 15. Out of Rs 1,075.7 crore donated to the trust, Rs 797.1 crore was received pursuing the court’s ruling.
• The publication to the Prudent Electoral Trust besides accrued astir three-fold compared to the erstwhile twelvemonth — it accrued to Rs 1075.7 crore successful the past fiscal twelvemonth compared to Rs 363.16 crore the twelvemonth before, according to the report.
• The apical contributors to the spot for the twelvemonth 2023-24 included ArcelorMittal Nippon (Rs 100 crore), DLF (Rs 99.5 crore), Maatha Projects (Rs 75 crore), Maruti Suzuki (Rs 60 crore), and CESC (Rs 60 crore), according to the report.
• The highest donation done the spot went to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) astatine Rs 723.8 crore. This was followed by the Congress with Rs 156.35 crore, Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) with Rs 85 crore, and YSR Congress with Rs 72.5 crore.
• Another Rs 132.5 crore worthy of donations came done Triumph Electoral Trust. Again, Rs 130 crore of the 132.5 full donated done the spot came successful aft February 15, according to the report.
• The full donation done the spot accrued from conscionable Rs 0.5 crore past year. The apical contributors to the spot were Cholamandalam Investment with Rs 50 crore, CG Power Industrial with Rs 30 crore, and Coromandel International with Rs 25.5 crore. Of the total, Rs 127.5 crore went to the BJP, and the remaining Rs 5 crore went to Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).
Do You Know:
• Under the strategy notified by the UPA-2 authorities connected January 31, 2013, immoderate institution registered nether Section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956, tin signifier an electoral trust.
• Under Section 17CA of the Income-tax Act, 1961, immoderate national of India, a institution registered successful India, oregon a steadfast oregon Hindu Undivided Family oregon relation of persons surviving successful India, tin donate to an electoral trust.
• The electoral trusts person to use for renewal each 3 fiscal years. They indispensable donate 95% of contributions received successful a fiscal twelvemonth to governmental parties registered nether the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
• The contributors’ PAN (in lawsuit of a resident) oregon passport fig (in lawsuit of an NRI) is required astatine the clip of making contributions.
• The electoral trusts way is transparent connected contributors and beneficiaries. Where determination is lone 1 contributor and 1 beneficiary of a peculiar trust, the nationalist tin cognize for definite who is backing whom. For instance, successful 2018-19, the Janhit Electoral Trust had conscionable 1 publication of Rs.2.5 crore from Vedanta, and the full magnitude was donated to the BJP, arsenic per the trust’s yearly publication report.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Electoral Bonds and Electoral Trusts: What are they, and however bash they differ?
UPSC Practice Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
2.What is the superior disapproval of electoral bonds that led to an accrued reliance connected Electoral Trusts?
(a) High administrative fees for processing donations
(b) Lack of transparency successful donor identities
(c) Limited scope for firm donations
(d) Overregulation by the government
THE EDITORIAL PAGE
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance
Main Examination: General Studies II: Issues relating to improvement and absorption of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
What’s the ongoing story: K. Srinath Reddy Writes: India’s integer strengths indispensable beryllium utilized to span spread betwixt superior attraction and publically funded wellness security programmes that enactment secondary and tertiary infirmary care
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is meant by superior wellness care?
• Discuss the value of wellness arsenic a captious determinant successful achieving a Viksit Bharat by 2047.
• Analyse the relation of initiatives similar Ayushman Bharat successful strengthening India’s healthcare system.
• Examine the value of nationalist wellness expenditure successful transforming India into a developed nation.
• Highlight the value of the “One Health” attack successful addressing emerging planetary wellness challenges, specified arsenic pandemics and antimicrobial resistance.
• How Government of India code disparities successful agrarian and municipality healthcare?
Key Takeaways:
K. Srinath Reddy Writes:
• India’s aspiration to go an economically developed federation by 2047 is intertwined with the extremity of having a steadfast and productive population.
• If specified a robust wellness strategy is to relation with youthful vigour successful 2047, it should outpouring to beingness successful 2025. The treble helix of fiscal and quality resources indispensable supply the DNA for its maturation and development.
• Primary healthcare-led cosmopolitan wellness sum (UHC) is the conveyance connected which our wellness systems indispensable thrust towards 2047. This requires higher levels of nationalist financing, with a emergence successful allocations crossed cardinal and authorities budgets. For achieving UHC, we indispensable simultaneously execute good connected 2 sets of indicators — fiscal extortion and work coverage.
• We request to guarantee that wellness services crossed the state tin delivering a wide scope of prime assured wellness services to conscionable property applicable wellness needs of each families.
• Given shortages of highly-skilled doctors and the clip lag for bridging those gaps, the contiguous precedence is to bid a ample fig of technology-enabled frontline wellness workers and allied wellness professionals.
Do You Know:
• Universal wellness sum (UHC) means that each radical person entree to the afloat scope of prime wellness services they need, erstwhile and wherever they request them, without fiscal hardship. It covers the afloat continuum of indispensable wellness services, from wellness promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative attraction crossed the beingness course.
• The transportation of these services requires wellness and attraction workers with an optimal skills premix astatine each levels of the wellness system, who are equitably distributed, adequately supported with entree to prime assured products, and enjoying decent work.
• All people, everywhere, person the close to execute the highest attainable level of health. This is the cardinal premise of superior wellness attraction (PHC).
• Primary wellness attraction is simply a whole-of-society attack to efficaciously signifier and fortify nationalist wellness systems to bring services for wellness and wellbeing person to communities. It has 3 components:
—Integrated wellness services to conscionable people’s wellness needs passim their lives
—Addressing the broader determinants of wellness done multisectoral argumentation and action
—Empowering individuals, families and communities to instrumentality complaint of their ain health.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
UPSC Practice Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
3. Ayushman Bharat is an umbrella strategy aimed astatine which of the pursuing objectives?
1. Providing wellness security sum to susceptible sections
2. Establishing Health and Wellness Centres crossed the country
3. Reducing out-of-pocket healthcare expenses
Which of the statements fixed supra is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 2, and 3
(d) 2 and 3 only
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance
Main Examination: General Studies II: Issues relating to improvement and absorption of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
What’s the ongoing story: J S Rajput Writes: Could 1 adjacent speech astir BHU, AMU, Vishwa Bharati oregon Jamia Malia Islamia without referring to Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Rabindranath Tagore oregon Zakir Husain?
Key Points to Ponder:
• Growth of Education successful the Post-Independence Period-Reforms taken truthful far
• Education was initially a authorities taxable but pursuing an amendment (42nd) to the Constitution successful 1976, it became a concurrent subject-True oregon False?
• The gains successful presumption of the literacy rates of the Indian colonisation since independence-Know successful detail
• How the prime of superior acquisition impacts the wide modular of higher acquisition successful India.
• Examine the provisions of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
• Highlight the challenges faced successful ensuring a seamless progression from superior to higher acquisition successful India.
Key Takeaways:
J S Rajput Writes:
• A abrupt enlargement successful immoderate organisation often leads to dilution successful the prime of its products, ushering successful a superior nonaccomplishment of organization credibility. In world circles, it has been witnessed successful reputed universities, well-established schools, and besides the systems managing ample numbers of institutions.
• The spot shortage suffered by authorities schools is simply a lawsuit successful point, of which astir each household successful India is convinced.
• The Indian acquisition strategy observed a large attitudinal alteration from “why educate” to the request for “good acquisition successful a bully schoolhouse not lone for boys but besides for girls”.
• Recently, the UGC has floated a draught regularisation suggesting an amended model to enlistee vice-chancellors. Unfortunately, the dialogical contented of which we were erstwhile proud, stands wholly ignored.
• The prime of higher acquisition institutions, including their leadership, is simply a nonstop merchandise of the prime of simple education. Imagine a superior schoolhouse soaked successful a civilization of punctuality, respect for hard enactment and full devotion to the worth of each minute, and utilizing it each successful publication to federation building. Learners observe it, enactment successful it and acquisition each time the thrill of being nation-builders.
• The Central Advisory Board connected Education (CABE), presided implicit by the Union acquisition curate has a precise wide nationalist practice of authorities acquisition ministers, academics, and large institutions. They could sermon and resoluteness issues similar acquisition argumentation oregon the process for selecting vice-chancellors, too reasoning of however to hole leaders astatine each signifier successful acquisition institutions, including superior schools.
Do You Know:
• In Classes 1 to 5, Haryana, Manipur, Telangana, and Puducherry (Union Territory) person much children studying successful backstage schools than successful authorities ones, according to the Comprehensive Annual Modular Survey (CAMS) 2022-23, released past month.
This survey, the archetypal of its kind, confirms findings of the 2021-22 UDISE survey (Unified District Information System for Education) from these 3 states.
• According to the latest CAMS survey, the nationalist mean for children enrolled successful backstage (or unaided) schools successful superior classes is 23.4%, compared to 66.7% for authorities schools.
• Education successful India is chiefly overseen by the state-run nationalist acquisition system, administered astatine 3 levels: central, state, and local.
• According to the Indian Constitution and the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, children aged 6 to 14 are entitled to escaped and compulsory acquisition arsenic a cardinal right. Public schools outnumber backstage schools successful India by an approximate ratio of 10:3.
• Education successful the state encompasses assorted stages and types of learning, including aboriginal puerility education, primary, secondary, higher, and vocational education. However, entree and prime of acquisition alteration wide based connected factors specified arsenic municipality oregon agrarian location, gender, caste, religion, language, and disability.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍A Kerala exemplary for cosmopolitan education
UPSC Practice Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
4. Which planetary inaugural aligns with the absorption connected foundational learning and its interaction connected higher education?
(a) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4
(b) Universal Primary Education Initiative
(c) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
(d) International Literacy Day
THE IDEAS PAGE
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development
Main Examination: General Studies III: Issues related to nonstop and indirect workplace subsidies and minimum enactment prices
What’s the ongoing story: Ashok Gulati writes: MSP model needs a revisit. The competitory populism to springiness escaped food, power, oregon highly subsidised fertilisers, oregon pouch wealth successful the sanction of Ladli Behna, is simply a contention to the bottom
Key Points to Ponder:
• MSP (minimum enactment price) and effectiveness of MSP implementation-discuss
• Which are the Crops Covered nether MSP?
• How MSP is calculated (paid retired costs, labour etc.) and Crops covered nether the MSP
• Discuss the challenges and limitations of the existent MSP model successful India.
• “Subsidies successful agriculture, portion beneficial successful the abbreviated term, often pb to semipermanent inefficiencies.” Critically measure this connection with notation to escaped food, power, and fertiliser schemes.
Key Takeaways:
Ashok Gulati writes:
• It whitethorn beryllium worthy recalling that the MSP strategy was introduced by the Centre with the mounting up of the Agricultural Prices Commission (APC) successful January 1965. It was meant to absorption chiefly connected wheat and atom arsenic India was hugely abbreviated of basal staples.
• India was importing 10 cardinal tonnes (MT) of wheat successful the mid-1960s nether PL 480 from the US against rupee payments. It did not person capable overseas speech to bargain nutrient from the planetary markets. • Food assistance from the US came with governmental strings, a sensation of which was experienced erstwhile nutrient shipments to India were suspended for 72 hours by Lyndon Johnson arsenic India issued a connection successful favour of Vietnam erstwhile the US was astatine warfare with the Southeast Asian country.
• In 1966, India besides imported precocious yielding varieties of wheat seeds from Mexico (18,000 tonnes), which ushered successful the Green Revolution. It was successful that backdrop that the argumentation of MSP for wheat and paddy came into existence. India’s colonisation was astir astir 500 cardinal successful 1965.
• Given that India has digitalised overmuch of the nutrient system, some astatine the consumer’s extremity and the farmer’s end, it volition beryllium overmuch much frugal and businesslike to determination towards nonstop currency transfers to targeted beneficiaries, who truly merit support.
Do You Know:
• The full MSP model needs a revisit. Not successful the absorption of making it ineligible but freeing up prices of products arsenic good arsenic that of large inputs similar fertilisers and power.
• Land markets besides request to beryllium opened up, starting with onshore lease markets. A highly regulated onshore market, and the pricing of inputs and immoderate outputs (rice and wheat), with monolithic procurement, is starring to immense inefficiencies successful the system.
• Part of this occupation stems from the Public Distribution System that gives escaped wheat/rice to astir 57 per cent of the colonisation adjacent arsenic the authorities claims that it has lifted 248 cardinal radical retired of poorness successful the past 10 years.
• It has go a chickenhearted and ovum problem. Since India has locked itself successful escaped atom distribution, it has to procure astir 60 MT of grains each twelvemonth to provender that system.
• According to the study of the Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices (CACP), 22 lakh wheat farmers, 1.13 lakh lentil farmers, 5 lakh mustard farmers, and 15,409 gram farmers person been benefited by the MSP during the ongoing RMS 2024-25. In the RMS 2022-23 and RMS 2023-24, 11.68 lakh and 10.29 lakh gram farmers benefited from the MSP.
• The procurement of pulses and oilseeds is done by the NAFED and NCCF nether the Price Support Scheme. The dip successful the fig of gram farmers who availed the MSP successful the ongoing RMS play was debased due to the fact that gram prices were higher than the prices prevailing successful the marketplace since the opening of the harvesting season, said a source.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Explained: What is minimum enactment terms (MSP), and however is it fixed?
UPSC Practice Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
5. Which of the pursuing factors/policies were affecting the terms of atom successful India successful the caller past? (UPSC GS1, 2020)
(1) Minimum Support Price
(2) Government’s trading
(3) Government’s stockpiling
(4) Consumer subsidies
Select the close reply utilizing the codification fixed below:
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development
Main Examination: General Studies III: Inclusive maturation and issues arising from it.
What’s the ongoing story: Ishan Bakshi Writes: The fallout of constricted occupation instauration and muted wage maturation tin beryllium seen successful the greater recourse to debt
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is the economical rhythm slowdown?
• Discuss the argumentation challenges successful addressing occupation instauration and wage maturation successful India.
• How tin these issues interaction socio-economic stability?
• Analyse the relation of authorities initiatives specified arsenic Skill India and Make successful India successful tackling unemployment and enhancing wage growth.
• Examine the correlation betwixt constricted occupation creation, wage stagnation, and rising household indebtedness successful India.
• Highlight the challenges faced by India’s labour marketplace successful generating high-quality jobs.
• Suggest measures to align occupation instauration with economical growth.
Key Takeaways:
• Some person viewed the crisp deceleration successful maturation successful the 2nd 4th arsenic a “temporary blip”. But the pick-up thereafter isn’t robust.
• GST collections have, for instance, moderated further — from 8.9 per cent successful the 2nd 4th to 8.3 per cent successful the 3rd quarter. And portion the archetypal beforehand estimates person been weighed down by the 2nd 4th slump, forecasts for adjacent twelvemonth aren’t immoderate brighter.
• Many person pegged the system to turn successful enactment with its pre-pandemic decadal mean of 6.6 per cent. This is hardly encouraging.
• The fallout of constricted occupation instauration and muted wage maturation tin beryllium seen successful the greater recourse to debt.
• Household indebtedness had risen to 43 per cent by June 2024. While this whitethorn good beryllium little erstwhile compared to different emerging economies, it indispensable surely beryllium of interest that not lone is the stock of loans being taken to concern depletion rising, but astir 60 per cent of those taking idiosyncratic loans successful the 2nd 4th already had much than 3 unrecorded loans.
• With small request visibility and uncertainty implicit authorities policy, concern enactment continues to stay subdued. New task announcements person slowed down arsenic per CMIE. F
Do You Know:
• In a caller moving insubstantial published by Harvard University’s Center for International Development, Arvind Subramanian, who was India’s main economical advisor betwixt October 2014 and August 2018, and Josh Felman, erstwhile IMF nonmigratory typical to India, springiness a elaborate knowing of however the Indian system mislaid its way.
• In a nutshell, they reason that Indian system is facing some structural (that is, much semipermanent issues related to the wide model of the system specified arsenic the flexibility oregon inflexibility of labour laws etc.) and cyclical (that is, much short-term issues specified arsenic a atrocious monsoon that disrupts accumulation of nutrient articles etc.) challenges.
• Since the causes are some structural and cyclical, they say, arresting this economical slowdown is proving to beryllium truthful hard – measures that would person alleviated a cyclical slowdown autumn level due to the fact that structural reasons are besides involved.
• The authors physique connected Subramanian’s investigation of the twin-balance expanse (TBS) occupation that India faced since 2014. They amusement that arsenic the years rolled by the TBS occupation morphed into a “four equilibrium expanse challenge” for the economy.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍What sluggish salaries and slowdown successful Indian system mightiness mean
ECONOMY
Davos turns into fortress with 5,000 service personnel, aerial postulation restrictions, drones
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance
Main Examination: General Studies II: Bilateral, determination and planetary groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
What’s the ongoing story: The World Economic Forum (WEF) is holding its Annual Meeting from January 20 to 24 successful Davos, Switzerland. Attendees volition see European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, China’s Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang, and different leaders successful concern and politics.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Who initiated the World Economic Forum?
• What is the intent of the World Economic Forum?
• Where is World Economic Forum held?
• What happens astatine WEF?
• Who funds the WEF and wherefore is the WEF Meeting held astatine Davos?
• What other happens astatine WEF?
• World Economic Forum and India-connect the dot
Key Takeaways:
• Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw volition caput the Indian delegation. Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, Telangana Chief Minister Revanth Reddy, and Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu Chief volition besides attend. “There volition beryllium a elaborate treatment successful the WEF Annual Meeting World Economic Forum astir inclusive growth, concern successful social, carnal and integer infrastructure and democratising technology,” Vaishnaw said.
• In the past, it has been utilized arsenic a determination for pivotal planetary diplomacy arsenic leaders tin interruption tensions successful the town. The WEF website states that North and South Korea held their archetypal ministerial-level meetings successful Davos. At the aforesaid Meeting, East German Prime Minister Hans Modrow and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl met to sermon German reunification.
• In 1992, South African President de Klerk met Nelson Mandela and Zulu prince Mangosuthu Buthelezi astatine the Annual Meeting, their archetypal associated quality extracurricular South Africa and a milestone successful the country’s governmental transition.
• In 1998, participants emphasised the request to see large processing countries successful the process. One thought was to acceptable up a assemblage to see 20 countries – fractional developed economies and the different processing ones. Such a gathering of what became known arsenic the G20 was held successful Bonn, Germany, aboriginal that year. Participation was restricted to concern ministers and its scope was constricted to planetary finance.
• The G20 gathering was yet elevated to a summit. This happened successful 2008 erstwhile the US hosted a G20 acme successful Washington DC to code the interaction of the planetary economical crisis.
• The WEF besides went connected to regularly people planetary rankings and indices, specified arsenic the Global Competitiveness Report and the Global Gender Gap Report.
Do You Know:
• German prof Klaus Schwab founded the WEF. He was a mechanical engineering postgraduate who past earned a Master of Public Administration grade from the John F. Kennedy School of Government astatine Harvard University.
• From 1972 to 2003, Schwab was a prof of concern argumentation astatine the University of Geneva. He founded WEF successful 1971, primitively known arsenic the European Management Forum. It introduced the conception of “stakeholder capitalism.”
• According to Schwab, “It is simply a signifier of capitalism successful which companies bash not lone optimize short-term profits for shareholders, but question agelong word worth creation, by taking into relationship the needs of each their stakeholders, and nine astatine large.”
• The WEF website says of the idea: “A institution should service each its stakeholders, not conscionable its shareholders: employees, suppliers, and the assemblage it is portion of.”
• Two years later, the organisation introduced a strategy of rank for ‘the 1,000 starring companies of the world’. The European Management Forum was the archetypal non-governmental instauration to initiate a concern with China’s economical improvement commissions successful 1979 – the aforesaid twelvemonth China and the US established diplomatic ties.
• Davos brings unneurotic immoderate 3,000 participants (including paying members and selected invitees), among whom are investors, concern leaders, governmental leaders, economists, celebrities and journalists, for up to 5 days to sermon planetary issues crossed 500 sessions. Thus, the WEF has go a forum for assorted stakeholders to conscionable and sermon planetary and determination socio-economic issues.
• The WEF is mostly funded by its partnering corporations. These are mostly planetary enterprises with yearly turnover greater than $5 billion. Davos was the mounting for Thomas Mann’s caller The Magic Mountain. The publication is the communicative of a young antheral who goes to Davos to enactment astatine a sanatorium for 3 weeks and ends up spending 7 years.
Relaxed successful its serene environs, it seeks to chopped done the galore distractions of planetary authorities to win successful its ngo to make a much prosperous planetary economy.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
Previous Year UPSC Prelims Question Covering Similar theme:
6. Which of the pursuing gives ‘Global Gender Gap Index’ ranking to the countries of the world? (2017)
(a) World Economic Forum
(b) UN Human Rights Council
(c) UN Women
(d) World Health Organization
EXPLAINED
Abetment to suicide: Why SC advised caution successful utilizing the provision
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance
Main Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for improvement successful assorted sectors and issues arising retired of their plan and implementation.
What’s the ongoing story: The Supreme Court connected Thursday highlighted the request to sensitise probe agencies and courts successful abetment of termination cases nether Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC).
Key Points to Ponder:
• Discuss the Supreme Court’s caller observations connected the invocation of abetment of termination charges nether Section 306 of the IPC.
• Examine the ineligible explanation of ‘abetment’ arsenic per Section 107 of the IPC.
• How has the judiciary interpreted ‘instigation’ successful the discourse of abetment of suicide? Support your reply with applicable lawsuit laws.
• What are the challenges faced by investigating agencies successful distinguishing betwixt morganatic cases of abetment of termination and instances wherever charges are invoked mechanically.
• What measures tin beryllium taken to forestall the misuse of Section 306?
• The Supreme Court has cautioned against the mechanical invocation of abetment of termination charges to assuage the feelings of the deceased’s family. Discuss the ethical and ineligible implications of this statement.
• Evaluate the value of establishing ‘mens rea’ successful prosecuting abetment of termination cases.
Key Takeaways:
• A Bench of Justices Abhay S Oka and K V Viswanathan stated that “It is clip that investigating agencies are sensitised to the instrumentality laid down by this Court nether Section 306 IPC truthful that persons are not subjected to maltreatment of process of a wholly untenable prosecution”.
• The apex tribunal made this connection portion clearing charges against a slope manager accused of abetting the termination of a antheral who allegedly took his ain beingness aft helium was incapable to repay his slope loans.
• A Bench of Justices J B Pardiwala and Manoj Misra stated that the barroom for impervious would beryllium higher successful cases wherever the deceased and the accused person an authoritative narration (such arsenic betwixt an leader and employee), and some the courts and prosecuting agencies indispensable spot if determination is grounds to amusement that the accused intended to origin the suicide.
• The tribunal besides held that determination indispensable beryllium “direct and alarming encouragement/ incitement by the accused” to prosecute idiosyncratic for abetment to suicide.
• The request for nonstop grounds tin beryllium recovered successful different SC cases arsenic well. In M Mohan v The State (2011), the SC acceptable a precocious barroom for proving abetment of termination nether Section 306 IPC, including circumstantial intent — it “requires an active…or nonstop enactment which led the deceased to perpetrate termination seeing nary enactment and this enactment indispensable person been intended to propulsion the deceased into specified a presumption that he/ she committed suicide”.
Do You Know:
• The word “abetment” is defined nether Section 107 of the IPC, which is the aforesaid arsenic Section 45 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS).
• A idiosyncratic abets the doing of a thing, if she (i) instigates immoderate idiosyncratic to bash that thing, oregon (ii) engages with 1 oregon much others successful a conspiracy for the doing of that thing, oregon (iii) intentionally aids, by immoderate enactment oregon amerciable omission, the doing of that thing.
• To beryllium abetment of suicide, 1 has to efficaciously amusement that the accused straight instigated oregon aided the deceased to dice by suicide. The punishment for abetment of termination provided nether Section 306 IPC (Section 108 BNS) tin beryllium up to 10 years imprisonment on with a fine.
• According to the National Crime Records Bureau’s yearly Crime successful India report, the condemnation complaint successful abetment of termination (Section 306 IPC) cases was 17.5% successful 2022, the twelvemonth for which the latest information are available. For comparison, the wide condemnation complaint for each crimes nether the IPC was 69.8%. It was 54.2% for cognizable offences — which includes abetment to termination — wherever an apprehension tin beryllium made without a warrant.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Explained: What is abetment of suicide, and however does the tribunal find if it took place?
UPSC Practice Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
7. Which conception of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) deals with abetment of suicide?
a) Section 302
b) Section 306
c) Section 309
d) Section 304
WHAT IS THE SVAMITVA SCHEME, WHO BENEFITS FROM IT AND HOW
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of nationalist and planetary importance.
Mains Examination: General Studies III: Land reforms successful India.
What’s the ongoing story: Prime Minister Narendra Modi connected Saturday (January 18) said once property cards nether the Centre’s SVAMITVA strategy person been distributed in each the villages of the country, it could unlock economical enactment worthy implicit Rs 100 lakh crore.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What is the SVAMITVA (Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology successful Village Areas) scheme?
• Discuss the objectives and value of the SVAMITVA Scheme successful addressing agrarian onshore ownership issues successful India.
• “The SVAMITVA Scheme is simply a measurement towards agrarian empowerment and integer transformation.”-Analyse
• Evaluate the relation of technology, peculiarly drone-based mapping, successful the implementation of the SVAMITVA Scheme.
• What are the socio-economic benefits of implementing the SVAMITVA Scheme successful agrarian India?
Key Takeaways:
• According to the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, the strategy benefits agrarian residents successful galore ways. First, it enables agrarian households to usage their spot arsenic a fiscal plus for taking loans and different fiscal benefits.
• PM Modi connected Saturday besides mentioned this. “After getting ineligible documents, lakhs of radical person taken loans from banks connected the ground of their houses and property. With this money, they person started their tiny concern successful the village. Many of these are tiny and mean husbandman families. For them, these spot cards person go a large warrant of economical security,” helium said.
• Second, it helps successful determination of spot tax, which accrues to the Gram Panchayats straight successful states wherever they are empowered to cod specified taxes. The cards assistance summation liquidity of onshore parcels successful the marketplace and summation the fiscal recognition availability to the village.
• The strategy besides paves the mode for instauration of close onshore records for agrarian planning. All the spot records and maps are disposable astatine the Gram Panchayat level, which helps successful taxation of villages, operation permits, elimination of encroachments, etc.
• In May 2025, the Ministry is besides readying to enactment successful the World Bank Land Governance Conference successful Washington to highlight
India’s achievements and promote planetary adoption of the model,” the ministry said successful a connection connected January 17.
Do You Know:
• SVAMITVA, a Central Sector Scheme of Ministry of Panchayati Raj was nation-wide launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister connected National
Panchayati Raj Day, 24th April 2021 aft palmy completion of aviator signifier of strategy ( 2020-2021) successful 9 states.
• So far, 2 crore spot cards person been issued, said an official, adding that each households person been covered successful respective states similar Haryana and Uttarakhand. The strategy aims to screen the full state by the extremity of fiscal twelvemonth 2025-26.
• The strategy is being implemented with the collaborative efforts of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Survey of India (SoI), State Revenue Department, State Panchayati Raj Department and National Informatics Centre. States request to motion Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with SoI for implementation of the scheme.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍PM tells ministers to be spot paper organisation events connected Dec 27
Why dormant olive ridley turtles are washing up connected Tamil Nadu’s beaches
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Conservation, biology contamination and degradation, biology interaction assessment.
Main Examination: General Studies III: General issues connected Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that bash not necessitate taxable specialization.
What’s the ongoing story: Over the past 2 weeks, galore dormant olive ridley turtles person washed ashore successful Tamil Nadu, peculiarly successful Chennai. Experts person estimated that truthful far, betwixt 300 and 350 turtles person been recovered dead.
Key Points to Ponder:
• Olive Ridley turtles are classified arsenic a susceptible taxon by the IUCN Red List-True oregon false?
• What is happening successful Tamil Nadu?
• Where person carcasses been found?
• What are the factors that lend to the mortality of Olive Ridley turtles on India’s eastbound coastline?
• The word ‘Arribada’ is associated with what?
• Discuss the value of Olive Ridley turtles successful maintaining marine ecosystem balance.
• Analyse the effectiveness of existent conservation efforts aimed astatine protecting Olive Ridley turtles successful India.
• Examine the relation of assemblage information and consciousness successful the conservation of Olive Ridley turtles.
Key Takeaways:
• Olive ridley turtles get adjacent the Tamil Nadu seashore astir September-October to breed. Their nesting play begins successful precocious November and ends successful March. Although deaths during nesting play are not unusual, the ample fig of turtle carcasses recovered this aboriginal successful the nesting play has sparked concerns among conservationists and citizens.
• Speaking to The Indian Express, Supraja Dharini, laminitis of the Tree Foundation, a non-profit which works connected oversea turtle conservation, said that dormant olive ridley turtles person been recovered crossed Chennai and neighbouring Kancheepuram district. “Dead turtles person been reported successful Neelankarai, Besant Nagar, Kovalam close up to areas of Kancheepuram district,” she said.
• Officials of the authorities Forest Department said that they were inactive collating nonstop information connected the mortalities. Deaths person besides been reported from Pulicat successful Thiruvalluvar district, northbound of Chennai, according to officials.
• Finding carcasses of olive ridley turtles is not uncommon during their mating season. The turtles mate adjacent enactment areas and females get successful tiny batches for nesting connected Tamil Nadu’s beaches. As a result, they often get trapped successful agelong sportfishing nets of commercialized trawlers arsenic bycatch — the unintentional seizure of non-target marine beingness — and die, according to experts.
Do You Know:
• Olive ridley turtles laic eggs crossed respective coastal states connected India’s eastbound seashore and westbound coast. However, wide nesting takes spot successful Odisha, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
• Odisha’s Gahirmatha and Rushikulya beaches witnesser the accomplishment of lakhs of pistillate olive ridley turtles each year. They marque nests successful the soil utilizing their flippers and laic betwixt 100 and 110 eggs each. After laying the eggs, they screen the nests with soil to forestall predation and instrumentality to the sea.
• After 45-60 days, thousands of hatchlings marque their mode to the ocean. At nesting sites wherever quality disturbance and predation are likely, Forest Departments make hatcheries. The eggs are retrieved from the nests with attraction and are placed successful hatcheries. After the eggs hatch, the juveniles are placed successful baskets and released adjacent the sea.
Other Important Articles Covering the aforesaid topic:
📍Odisha bans marine sportfishing successful Olive Ridley turtle habitation corridors
UPSC Practice Prelims Question Covering akin theme:
8. Which 1 of the pursuing is the nationalist aquatic carnal of India? (2015)
(a) Saltwater crocodile
(b) Olive ridley turtle
(c) Gangetic dolphin
(d) Gharial
|
PRELIMS ANSWER KEY |
| 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8 (C) |
For immoderate queries and feedback, interaction priya.shukla@indianexpress.com
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